Thinking and Language Flashcards
definition of thinking
manipulation of mental representations of information
definition of meta-cognition
thinking about our own thinking
schemas
mental frameworks or networks that help us organize information - sometimes we refuse to change false schemas
Example of confirmation bias
Lord, Ross & Lepper 1979 results, what did they do?
priming
a schema that is at the forefront of your mind will be used to interpret your world (schema must be relevant to be used)
Reasoning Rationally: algorithms
sure methods to reach the solution but could take a long time
Reasoning Rationally: Heuristics
mental shortcuts that usually lead to quick and accurate decisions
Heuristics: Anchoring and Adjusting
over-reliance on pre-existing judgements
Heuristics: Framing
how we approach gains and losses
Heuristics: Representativeness
ignore base-rate information and rely on stereotypes and schemas
definition of language
the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules
Properties of language
- communicative
- arbitrary (any symbol will do)
- structure (syntax) is important
- multiplicity of structure
- very productive
- dynamic (evolving)
Verbal communication: paralinguistic channel
how we say them
Understanding Language Acquisition: Learning theory approach
language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning
Understanding Language Acquisition: Universal Grammar
all the world’s languages share a similar underlying structure
