Thinking and Intelligence Flashcards
What does Cognition mean?
Thinking
What are concepts?
group of objects, events, or activities that share common characteristics or attributes
What are two types of concepts?
Artificial and Natural
What is an artifical concept?
Formed by learning specific rules that define it. Many acquired in school
What is a natural concept?
formed through direct/indirect experience
What is a Prototype?
the best example or representation of a concept
Example of a prototype?
When u think if a dog, the first that comes to mind is a golden retriever
What is a Phoneme?
basic sound unit of a given language
What is a Morpheme?
smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning
what is Syntax?
the way words are organized into sentences
What is pragmatics?
the social ‘niceties’ of language, knowing when it is your turn to talk
Which is an example of pragmatics in language?
being able to pick up on sarcasm
What is a Heuristic?
mental shortcuts used to solve a porblem
Why is a heuristic not always the best way to solve a problem?
Heuristics can lead to mental sets
What is a mental set?
persistence in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but is no longer working
What is functional fixedness?
thinking about objects only in terms of what they were designed for, can’t solve a problem where you need to use an object in a creative way
what is Confirmation bias ?
= focusing on/seeking out information that confirms your existing beliefs and ignoring information that discredits your beliefs
John is camping and forgot his pillow. He fails to realize that he could fold up one of his extra shirts to use as a pillow. This is an example of _________.
functional fixedness
Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence identifies three types of intelligence:
Practical , Creative, and Analytical
What is Emotional intelligence ?
the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions
How do we measure intellegence?
A person’s Intelligence quotient (IQ). a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence
What is Standardization ?
manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent, so data are reliable (scores can be compared to future scores)
Critiques of IQ Testing
IQ tests do NOT directly predict success in school and only measures the ability to take tests
What is the g factor?
Believed intelligence consisted of one general factor
what is Crystalized intelligence?
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
What is fluid intelligence?
ability to see complex relationships and solve new problems
What is the Flynn Effect
the observation that the mean standardized IQ score has risen since 1932.
