Thinking

Question 1

Concepts

Answer 1

How one represents relationship between things

Question 2

Hypotheses

Answer 2

Ideas used to test relationships and form concepts

Question 3

Mental set

Answer 3

Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem

Question 4

Scripts

Answer 4

Ideas about the way events typically unfold

Question 5

Prototype

Answer 5

Representative/usual type of object or concept

Question 6

Insight

Answer 6

new perspective on an old problem

Question 7

Functional Fixedness

Answer 7

Idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain things; prevents them from thinking divergently about them

Question 8

Problem space

Answer 8

Sum of total possible moves one might make to solve a problem

Question 9

Algorithms

Answer 9

Consider every possible solution

Question 10

heuristics

Answer 10

Uses shortcuts based on what has worked in past; can’t guarantee solution but quick

Question 11

Mediation

Answer 11

Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response. Reminds what to do/how to respond based on past learning

Question 12

Atmosphere effect

Answer 12

When a conclusion is influenced by the way info is phrased

Question 13

Semantic effect

Answer 13

Believing in conclusions because of what you know/thing to be correct rather than what follows from info given

Question 14

Confirmation bias

Answer 14

Remembering/using info that confirms what you already think

Question 15

Intelligence

Answer 15

Capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment

Question 16

Reaction time

Answer 16

Used to measure cognitive processing; declines with age

Question 17

Hierarchical Semantic Network

Answer 17

In memory; groups together related items to increase/decrease reaction time based on how close together they are

Question 18

Parallel Distributive Processing

Answer 18

People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies.

Question 19

Semantic Priming

Answer 19

Presentation of a related item before the next item (eg. fruit, then apple)

Question 20

Stroop effect

Answer 20

Decreased speed of naming the color of ink when the color of the ink and the word itself are of different colors

Question 21

Bottom-up vs top-down processing

Answer 21

Bottom-up is data driven, top-down is guided by larger concepts

Question 22

Automatic Processing

Answer 22

Task is done effortlessly because it is subsumed under a higher organization process

Question 23

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 23

Bodily reactions to situations cause emotion. Eg we are sad because we are crying

Question 24

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 24

Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously

Question 25

Cognitive Theory of Emotion

Answer 25

The cognition attached to a situation determines which emotion we feel in response to physiological arousal.