Language

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

The meaningful arrangement of sounds.

Question 2

Psycholinguistics

Answer 2

The study of the psychology of language

Question 3

Phonemes

Answer 3

Smallest units of sound

Question 4

Morphemes

Answer 4

Made up of phonemes; smallest units of meaning, eg. words or parts of words

Question 5

Phrase

Answer 5

A group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence.

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

The arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language.

Question 7

Grammar

Answer 7

The overall rules of the interrelationship between morphemes and syntax that make up a language.

Question 8

Morphology/Morphological rules

Answer 8

Grammar rules; how to group morphemes.

Question 9

Prosody

Answer 9

Tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning.

Question 10

Transformational grammar

Answer 10

Differentiates between surface structure and deep structure in language; Chomsky

Question 11

Surface structure

Answer 11

The way words are organized

Question 12

Deep structure

Answer 12

Underlying meaning of sentences

Question 13

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Answer 13

Chomsky; humans have an inborn ability to adopt generative grammar rules of the language that they hear. Only requires exposure to language.

Question 14

Overregularization

Answer 14

Overapplication of grammar rules. Eg. children’s overuse of -ed to signify past tense, or -s for pluralization.

Question 15

Overextension

Answer 15

Generalizing with names for things. Often chains characteristics rather than logic (eg. a child calling any furry animal a dog)

Question 16

Telegraphic speech

Answer 16

Speech without articles or extras. eg caveman speech

Question 17

Holophrastic speech

Answer 17

When a young child uses one word to convey a whole sentence

Question 18

Gender differences in language acquisition

Answer 18

Girls are faster and more accurate with language learning than boys are.

Question 19

Bilingual vs. nonbilingual children

Answer 19

Bilingual children are slower at language learning

Question 20

Alexia

Answer 20

Inability to read

Question 21

Agraphia

Answer 21

Inability to write

Question 22

Language and brain space

Answer 22

Reading and writing are processed in the same regions of the brain as producing and understanding speech.

Question 23

Language acquisition in children

Answer 23

Children usually use nouns and then verbs, or two nouns.

Question 24

Language acquisition: 1 year

Answer 24

Speaks first words

Question 25

Language acquisition: 2 years

Answer 25

> 50 spoken words (usually in 2-3 word phrases)

Question 26

Language acquisition: 3 years

Answer 26

1000 word vocab with many grammatical errors

Question 27

Language acquisition: 4 years

Answer 27

Grammar problems as random exceptions

Question 28

Whorfian Hypothesis

Answer 28

How a culture says things/uses language influences that culture’s perspective (Whorf)

Question 29

Roger Brown

Answer 29

Children’s understanding of grammatical rules develops as they make hypotheses about how syntax works and then self-correct with experience.

Question 30

Katherine Nelson

Answer 30

Language begins to develop with the onset of active speech, rather than during the first year of only listening.

Question 31

William Labov

Answer 31

Found that ebonics has its own complex internal structure

Question 32

Vygotsky and Luria

Answer 32

Word meanings are complex and altered by interpersonal experience. Also, language is a tool involved in the development of abstract thinking.

Question 33

Charles Osgood

Answer 33

studied semantics

Question 34

Semantic Differential Charts

Answer 34

Osgood; allow people to plot the meanings of words on graphs. People with similar backgrounds/interests plot words similarly.