Things to Remember Flashcards
What is the radial arm maze?
Measures spatial learning and memory in rats
Who created the radial arm maze?
Olton and Samuelson in 1976
What is The Morris water navigation task?
Used to study spatial learning and memory
What lesion impairs spatial learning?
Hippocampal
What are some ways of testing spatial learning in rats?
The Morris Water Navigation Task
T-Maze
What is the Latent Inhibition Test?
Tests for sensorimotor gating.
Define Latent inhibition
An animal’s unconscious capacity to ignore stimuli that experience shows is irrelevant to its needs
What test shows learned helplessness?
Yoked Shock Test
What test shows the effect of antidepressants on the behaviour of lab animals?
Behavioural despair test/Porsolt Test/Forced swimming test
Normal range for Carbamazepine
> 7mg/L
Normal value for Sodium Valproate
50-100mg/L
Normal value for Phenytoin
10-20mg/L
Normal value for Amitriptyline
100-200 micrograms/L
Features of Preoperational stage
Deferred imitation Symbolic Play Drawing Mental Imagery Language Semiotic functioning - uses symbols
When do primary circular reactions occur?
Sensoriomotor - 2-5 months
What is primary circular reaction?
Involve infants own body only
When do secondary circular reactions occur
5-9 months
What are secondary circular reactions?
Behaviour involves external objects
When do tertiary circular reactions occur?
12-18 months
What are tertiary circular reactions?
Experiments with different effects of same behaviour
When does phenomenalistic causality occur?
Preoperational stage
When does Syllogistic Reasoning occur?
Concrete Operational
What is increased in CSF compared to Blood?
Mg
Cl
What is the same in both CSF and blood?
Na
What is discredited stigma?
Individual assumes their difference is already known/evident
What is discreditable stigma?
Individual assumes their stigma is neither known about nor immediately perceiveable
% risk of Uncle/aunt developing schizophrenia
2%
% risk of neice/nephew developing schizophrenia
4%
% risk of grandchild developing schizophrenia
5%
% chance of identical twins developing schizophrenia
48%
% change of children developing schizophrenia
13%
% chance of sibling developing schizophrenia
9%
% chance of fraternal twin developing schizophrenia
46%
% chance of child of both parents with schizophrenia developing the condition
46%
% chance of child of one parent developing schizophrenia
13%
Name the secondary amines
Desimipramine
Nortriptyline
Protryptiline
Amoxapine
Who will be unaffected in X-linked dominant?
Sons of a man with the disease
Who will be unaffected in X-linked recessive?
Son from father
Who do sons receive their X chromosome from?
Mother
Which CN travel through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III-VI
Which CN travel through the internal auditory canal?
VII-VIII
Which CN travel through the jugular foramen?
IX-XI
Antidepressants for nocturnal enuresis in children?
Amitriptyline
Imipramine
Nortriptyline
Antidepressants for phobic and obsessional states?
Clomimipramine
Antidepressants for Narcolepsy?
Comimipramine
Antidepressants for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Citalopram Escitalopram Sertraline Paroxetine Venlafaxine
Antidepressants for Social Anxiety
Escitalopram Paroxetine Sertraline Moclobemide Venlafaxine
Antidepressants for GAD
Escitalopram
Paroxetine
Duloxetine
Venlafaxine
Antidepressants for OCD
Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Paroxetine Sertraline
Antidepressants for Bulimia
Fluoxetine
Antidepressants for PTSD
Paroxetine
Sertraline
What is Anwesenheit?
Feeling of something or some preson
What is Telepsia?
Seeing objects far away
What characterises Cortical Dementias?
Impaired memory
Impaired visuospatial ability
Impaired executive function
Impaired language
Name some Cortical Dementias
Alzheimers
Picks Disease
CJD
What characterises subcortical dementias?
Generalised slowing of mental processes
Personality change
Mood disorders
Presence of abnormal movements
Name some subcortical dementias
Binswanger’s disease
Dementia associated Huntington’s disease
Dementia associated AIDS
Dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease
Dementia associated with Wilson’s disease
Dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy
Aim of Trust vs Mistrust?
Hope
Aim of Autonomy v Same?
Will
Aim of Initiative v Guilt?
Purpose
Aim of Industry vs Inferiority?
Competence
Aim of Identity v Role Confusion?
Fidelity
Aim of Intimacy v Isolation
Love
Aim of Generativity v Stagnation
Care
Aim of Integrity v Despair
Wisdom
Inducers of CYP450
Smoking Alcohol Barbituates Carbamazepine Phenytoin St Johns Worst
Inhibitors of CYp450
Chlorpromazine
SSRIs
Grapefruit Juice
Which gyrus is important for dreaming?
Lingual gyrus
Where is the lingual gyrus?
Occipital Lobe
Which gyrus is important for episodic memory?
Dentate gyrus
What does the Prosencephalon differentiate into?
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What does the Telencephalon form?
Cerebrum
Striatum
Pallidum
What does the Diencephalon form?
Hypothalamus Subthamus Epithalamus Thalamus Pineal Body
What are the two parts of the Mesencephalon?
Tectum
Tegmentum
What is the Tectum made up of?
Superior & Inferior Colliculi
What is the Tegmentum made up of?
Red Nucleus
Periaqueductal grey matter
What does the Rhombencephalon differentiate into?
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What does the Metencephalon form?
Pons
Rostral part of Medulla Oblongata
What does Myelencephalon form?
Caudal part of Medulla Oblongata
Declaration of Geneva?
Revision of Hippocratic Oath
Declaration of Helsinki?
Ethical principle of research in human subjects
Declaration of Tokyo?
Doctors should refuse to participate, condone or give permission for torture, degradation or cruel treatment of prisoners or detainees
Decleration of Malta?
Guidance for treating people on hunger strike
Declaration of Lisbon?
International statement of the rights of patients
Where is PrP?
Chromosome 20