THINGS THAT THE REVIEW WANTED US TO MEMORIZE Flashcards
How many RNA polymerases do E. coli and humans have?
E. coli has just 1 Humans have 3
UUU
Phenylalanine
CCC
Proline
AAA
Lysine
GGG
Glycine
AUG
Methionine (start)
UAA
You are angry (stop)
UGA
You go away (stop)
UAG
You are gone (stop)
What termination codon does RF1 bind too?
UAG UAA
What termination codon does RF2 bind to?
UGA UAA
What kind of signaling do proteins need to enter the nucleus?
Internal nuclear localizing sequences
What kind of signaling do proteins need to enter peroxisomes?
C-terminal sequence SKF
What kind of signaling do proteins need to enter the mitochondrial matrix?
N-terminal sequence rich in positive charged amino acids and serine/threonine
What kind of proteins are signaled by ribosomes bounds to the RER?
Secretory proteins Lysosomal proteins Integral membrane proteins
What does Tunicamycin do?
Blocks the first step in oligosaccharide synthesis
What does bacitracin do?
Blocks phosphatase that recycles dolichol phosphate
What are the current targets for gene therapy?
Blindness Cancer
Define totipotent stem cells.
From zygote Can form whole human
Define pluripotent stem cells.
From blastocyst Can form cell types from all 3 germ layers
Define multipotent stem cells.
From adult Can form many closely related cell types
What proteins are required for the ubiquitin ligase portion of Cdk/cyclin regulation?
SCF APC
What proteins are required for the transcription factor portion of Cdk/cyclin regulation?
Jun Fos Myc E2F
What proteins are required for the tumor suppressor portion of Cdk/cyclin regulation?
p53 pRb
What proteins are required for the inhibitor protein portion of Cdk/cyclin regulation?
p21
What ploidy and N does an interphase somatic cell have?
Diploid 2N
What ploidy and N does a somatic cell after S phase have?
Diploid 4N
What ploidy and N does a gamete prior to meiosis II have?
Haploid 2N
What ploidy and N does a gamete have?
Haploid 1N
What is the oocyte called in it’s prolonged female diplotene stage?
Dictyotene
What is ZP3?
A sperm receptor
What are the MSS results for trisomy 21?
AFP - low uE2 - low hCG - high
What are the MSS results for trisomy 18?
AFP - low uE2 - low hCG - low
What are the MSS results for neural tube defects?
AFP - high uE2 - normal hCG - normal
Define anomaly.
a structural defect
Define malformation.
intrinsic; genetic
Define deformation.
extrinsic; mechanical
Define disruption.
extrinsic; teratogen exposure
Define syndrome.
multiple anomalies that occur independently, but are caused by a single defect
Define sequence.
when a structural or mechanical factor leads to multiple secondary effects
What does TORCH stand for?
Toxoplasmosis Other (HIV, Syphilis, VZV) Rubella CMV HSV

Just memorize that shit