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MCBM Exam 5 Kat > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

Making of oocytes and sperm

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2
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid due to meiosis

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3
Q

What are sex cells called when they enter meiosis I?

A

Primary oocyte or primary spermatocyte

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4
Q

Define ploidy.

A

Origin of an individual chromosome’s DNA

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5
Q

What is euploid?

A

An extra full set of chromosomes usually due to polyspermy (triploidy)

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6
Q

What is aneuploid?

A

Extra single chromosome due to nondisjunction (trisomy)

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7
Q

What is “N”?

A

Total # of DS DNA copies of each chromosome

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8
Q

What kind of ploidy and N does a gamete have?

A

Haploid and 1N

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9
Q

Define homologues.

A

Identical chromosomes originating from different parents

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10
Q

Define sister chromatids.

A

Duplicated copy of each chromosome following S phase; connected centromere

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11
Q

Define bivalents or tetrads.

A

Pair of duplicated homologues… 2 pairs of sister chromatids

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12
Q

Define chiasmata.

A

Regions where bivalents crossover and recombine during prophase I of meiosis

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13
Q

What are the male and female versions of the primordial germ cell?

A

Spermatogonium

Oogonium

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14
Q

What are the male and female versions of cells committed to Meiosis I?

A

Primary Spermatocyte

Primary Oocyte

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15
Q

What are the male and female versions of Completed meiosis I/Committed to Meiosis II cells?

A

Second Spermatocyte

Secondary Oocyte

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16
Q

What are the male and female versions of completed meiosis I/Immature gamete cells?

A

Spermatid

No female version

17
Q

What are the female and male versions of a mature gamete cell?

A

Spermatozoa

No female version (fertilized egg or zygote)

18
Q

When do males and females begin begin meiosis?

A

Males begin at puberty

Females begin in utero

19
Q

Is meiosis continuous or arresting in males and females?

A

Continuous in males

Arrests twice in females

20
Q

How many haploid gametes are produced in males and females?

A

4 haploid gametes in males

1 haploid gamete in females

21
Q

What is another name for the 1st meiotic division?

A

Reduction division or diploid to haploid

22
Q

In meiosis I do sister chromatids stay together or separate?

A

Stay together

23
Q

What happens in Meiosis I: Prophase I?

A

Oocytes are arrested at diplotene stage until ovulation; this prolonged female diplotene is called dictyotene

24
Q

What occurs during Prophase I?

A

Crossing over

25
Q

What happens in Meiosis I: Metaphase I?

A

Nuclear membrane disappears
Spindle forms
Paired chromosomes align at equatorial plane
Centromeres orient toward opposite poles

26
Q

How do sister chromatid kinetochores behave in Metaphase I?

A

They behave as one and orient toward a single pole

27
Q

What is the most error prone step of meiosis?

A

Meiosis I: Anaphase I

28
Q

What happens in Meiosis I: Anaphase I?

A

Bivalents disjoin and sister chromatid pairs are drawn to opposite poles of the cell; thus, chromosome number is halved.

29
Q

When does nondisjunction occur?

A

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis.

30
Q

What does nondisjunction result in and when may it occur?

A

Results in some gametes with 24 chromosomes, some with 22

May occur at meiosis I or meiosis II

31
Q

In Meiosis I: Telophase I and Cytokinesis what happens?

A

Decondensation of chromosomes
Reformation of nuclear membrane
2 Haploid daughter cells made
Cells enter a brief interphase

32
Q

Do cells going through Meiosis enter S phase before going on to the next division?

A

Nope they do not

33
Q

What happens in cytokinesis in the spermatocyte?

A

Spermatocytes divide their cytoplasm approximately equally to yield two secondary spermatocytes

34
Q

What happens in cytokinesis in the primary oocyte?

A

Oocytes divide very unevenly to yield one secondary oocyte and the first polar body

35
Q

What has oocyte biopsy been found to help with?

A

Oocyte biopsy of a polar body could possibly be used to determine which eggs have the best chance to produce a viable embryo.

36
Q

What is another name for 2nd meiotic division?

A

Equational division or 2N to 1N

37
Q

Are sister chromatids separated or together in Meiosis 2?

A

Separated

38
Q

What is the end result of the 2nd meiotic division?

A

4 haploid secondary (1N) spermatocytes

1 secondary oocyte + 2nd polar body

39
Q

When does an oocyte complete meiosis 2?

A

Only if the egg is fertilized.

MCBM Exam 5 Kat (15 decks)

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