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GI II Exam 1. > Things I Forget > Flashcards

Things I Forget Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of acute cholecystitis?

A

calculous - gallstones in cystic duct

acalculous - infection, acute illness, gb stasis, vasculitis, hyoperfusion, fasting, gb carcinoma

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2
Q

What are the unique sx of acute cholecystitis?

A

tea colored urine

acholic stools

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3
Q

What is the best way to detect choledocholithiasis?

A

EUS or ERCP

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4
Q

What are the Charcot Triad and Reynold Pentad, and what are they associated with?

A

Charcot - fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

Reynold - Charcot + confusion + hypotension

Ascending Cholangitis

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5
Q

If you highly suspect a CBD stone, what is the procedure of choice?

A

ERCP with sphincterotomy and stone extraction

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6
Q

What is biliary dyskinesia?

A

a condition similar to sx of biliary colic, but the GB is normal

all labs/images are normal

tx is supportive, possible remove GB

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7
Q

What did we learn that causes nutmeg liver?

A

budd chiari syndrome

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8
Q

What is budd chiaria syndrome?

A

occlusion of flow to hepatic vein (or IVC)

risk factors: hypercoag state, neoplasms that cause occlusion, abdominal trauma…

on PE: tender, painful hepatic enlargement (RUQ pain), jaundice, splenomegaly, ascites

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9
Q

What frequently complicates budd chiari sundrome?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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10
Q

How do you diagnose budd chiari syndrome?

A

contrast enhanced US - test of choic

color or pulsed doppler US

MRI

direct venography

liver bx (done if imaging isn’t conclusive)

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11
Q

Alarm sx in GERD

A

unexplained weight loss

persistent V (–> dehydration)

constant/severe pain

dysphagia/odynophagia

palbable mass or adenopathy

hematemesis

melena

anemia (iron deficient) - occult bleeding

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12
Q

What mainly causes ovarian torsion?

A

increased size of the ovary (ex. cysts)

dx: transvaginal US with doppler

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13
Q

What size cecum is at a greater risk for perforation?

A

10-12 cm

(upper limit of normal is 9cm)

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14
Q

When should you intervene with Ogilvie Syndrome pts?

A
  1. no improvement or deterioration with conservative tx after 24-48hrs
  2. Cecum is greater than 12cm
  3. Cecum is greater than 10cm for 3-4 days

tx with: neostigmine > colonoscopic decompression > surgery

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15
Q

What has periumbilical pain out of proportion to tenderness?

A

acute mesenteric ischemia

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16
Q

The presence of what is inconsistent with an IBS dx?

A

nocturnal diarrhea

weight loss

anemia

positive results on fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

17
Q

What is melanosis coli?

A

benign hyperpigmentation of the colon due to chronic laxative use

18
Q

What do lab tests show in chronic cholecystitis?

A

they are normal

US will show gallstones with a contracted GB

GI II Exam 1. (25 decks)

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