Things I forget

Question 1

Mydrasis

Answer 1

Contraction radial muscle sympathetic

Question 2

Miosis

Answer 2

Contraction sphincter muscle parasympathetic

Question 3

sites of acetylcholine secretion

Answer 3

post ganglionic
preganglionic
adrenal gland

Question 4

acetylcholine enzyme for synthesis

Answer 4

choline acetyl transferase

Question 5

enzymes for synthesis of norepinephrine

Answer 5

tyrosine hydrolase
dopa decarboxylase
dopamine b hydroxylase

Question 6

where is the locus coerulus located?

Answer 6

In the floor of the forth ventricle.

Question 7

What does activating the alpha 2 in the locus coerulus cause?

Answer 7

analgesia, drowsiness and hypotension

Question 8

What are the functions of the locus coerulus?

Answer 8

The function appears to be linked to the thalamus, reticulospinal tracs and vasomotor center

Question 9

what receptors are located in the pilomotor muscle?

Answer 9

alpha 1

Question 10

what are three ways to release reinin?

Answer 10

B1 receptor
macula densa
baroreceptors in the renal arteries

Question 11

penis sympathetic receptro

Answer 11

alpha ejaculation

Question 12

penis parasympathetic receptor

Answer 12

muscarinic erection

Question 13

sweat glands receptor

Answer 13

alpha 1 muscarinic 3

Question 14

what happens with the electrolytes when Ach binds with Nm and Nn?

Answer 14

Sodium in and potassium out

Question 15

What happens when V2 is activated?

Answer 15

Activation include factor VII release from hepatocytes and release of von Willebrand factor from vascular endothelium. AVP also causes activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase with release of glucose into the circulation.

Question 16

what are the second messengers?

Answer 16

IP3, DAG, cAMP, Calcium and cGMP

Question 17

what is the Ach precursor transport blocker?

Answer 17

hemicholineum

Question 18

What are some examples of disease where you have decreased or nonexistent Ach?

Answer 18

myasthenia gravis

botulism poisoning syndrome

Question 19

What promotes release of Ach?

Answer 19

choline, black spider venom

Question 20

how does atropine work?

Answer 20

blocking M2 receptor and decreasing the rapid efflux of potassium

Question 21

Nm receptor agonist and antagonist

Answer 21

agonist-nicotine

antagonist- D-tubocuranine

Question 22

Nn receptor agonist and antagonist

Answer 22

agonist-nicotine

antagonist-mecamylamine/hexamethonium

Question 23

M1-M5 agonist and antagonist

Answer 23

agonist-bethanecol, methacholine, pilocarpine

antagonist-atropine, benztropine, ipratropium

Question 24

Choline esters

Answer 24

Acetylcholine, methacholine, bethenechol, carbachol

Question 25

alkaloids

Answer 25

muscarine, pilocarpine

Question 26

Muscarinic agonist

Answer 26

acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, buthanechol, muscarine, pilocarpine

Question 27

zero order kinetics

Answer 27

constant amount of drug metabolized per unit time. Ex dilantin, warfarin, heparin, theophilline. More drug than enzyme concentration scale on the y axis is linear

Question 28

first order kinetics

Answer 28

constant fraction of the drug is metabolized per unit time no saturation occurs y axis is measured as the log of the concentration

Question 29

Perfusion dependent hepatic elimination

Answer 29

fentanyl, lidocaine, propofol

Question 30

capacity dependent hepatic elimination

Answer 30

diazepam and rocuronium

Question 31

ER 1.0

Answer 31

100% of the drug delivered to the clearing organ is removed

Question 32

ER 0.5

Answer 32

50% of the drug delivered to the clearing organ is removed

Question 33

Low hepatic ER

Answer 33

Rocuronium, diazepam, lorazepam, methadone, thiopental, theophylline, phenytoin

Question 34

intermediate ER

Answer 34

midazolam, vecuronium, alfentanil, methohexital

Question 35

CYP2D6 inhibitors

Answer 35

Quinidine and SSRIs

Question 36

Acidic urine

Answer 36

will increase reabsorption of urine and excretion of basic drug

Question 37

pseudocholinesterase

Answer 37

succx, mivacurium, local ester anesthetics and cocaine

Question 38

nonspecific esterases

Answer 38

esmolol, remifentanil, atracurium