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pharm exam 1 > Things I forget > Flashcards

Things I forget Flashcards

1
Q

Mydrasis

A

Contraction radial muscle sympathetic

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2
Q

Miosis

A

Contraction sphincter muscle parasympathetic

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3
Q

sites of acetylcholine secretion

A

post ganglionic
preganglionic
adrenal gland

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4
Q

acetylcholine enzyme for synthesis

A

choline acetyl transferase

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5
Q

enzymes for synthesis of norepinephrine

A

tyrosine hydrolase
dopa decarboxylase
dopamine b hydroxylase

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6
Q

where is the locus coerulus located?

A

In the floor of the forth ventricle.

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7
Q

What does activating the alpha 2 in the locus coerulus cause?

A

analgesia, drowsiness and hypotension

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8
Q

What are the functions of the locus coerulus?

A

The function appears to be linked to the thalamus, reticulospinal tracs and vasomotor center

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9
Q

what receptors are located in the pilomotor muscle?

A

alpha 1

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10
Q

what are three ways to release reinin?

A

B1 receptor
macula densa
baroreceptors in the renal arteries

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11
Q

penis sympathetic receptro

A

alpha ejaculation

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12
Q

penis parasympathetic receptor

A

muscarinic erection

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13
Q

sweat glands receptor

A

alpha 1 muscarinic 3

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14
Q

what happens with the electrolytes when Ach binds with Nm and Nn?

A

Sodium in and potassium out

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15
Q

What happens when V2 is activated?

A

Activation include factor VII release from hepatocytes and release of von Willebrand factor from vascular endothelium. AVP also causes activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase with release of glucose into the circulation.

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16
Q

what are the second messengers?

A

IP3, DAG, cAMP, Calcium and cGMP

17
Q

what is the Ach precursor transport blocker?

A

hemicholineum

18
Q

What are some examples of disease where you have decreased or nonexistent Ach?

A

myasthenia gravis

botulism poisoning syndrome

19
Q

What promotes release of Ach?

A

choline, black spider venom

20
Q

how does atropine work?

A

blocking M2 receptor and decreasing the rapid efflux of potassium

21
Q

Nm receptor agonist and antagonist

A

agonist-nicotine

antagonist- D-tubocuranine

22
Q

Nn receptor agonist and antagonist

A

agonist-nicotine

antagonist-mecamylamine/hexamethonium

23
Q

M1-M5 agonist and antagonist

A

agonist-bethanecol, methacholine, pilocarpine

antagonist-atropine, benztropine, ipratropium

24
Q

Choline esters

A

Acetylcholine, methacholine, bethenechol, carbachol

25
Q

alkaloids

A

muscarine, pilocarpine

26
Q

Muscarinic agonist

A

acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, buthanechol, muscarine, pilocarpine

27
Q

zero order kinetics

A

constant amount of drug metabolized per unit time. Ex dilantin, warfarin, heparin, theophilline.
More drug than enzyme
concentration scale on the y axis is linear

28
Q

first order kinetics

A

constant fraction of the drug is metabolized per unit time
no saturation occurs
y axis is measured as the log of the concentration

29
Q

Perfusion dependent hepatic elimination

A

fentanyl, lidocaine, propofol

30
Q

capacity dependent hepatic elimination

A

diazepam and rocuronium

31
Q

ER 1.0

A

100% of the drug delivered to the clearing organ is removed

32
Q

ER 0.5

A

50% of the drug delivered to the clearing organ is removed

33
Q

Low hepatic ER

A

Rocuronium, diazepam, lorazepam, methadone, thiopental, theophylline, phenytoin

34
Q

intermediate ER

A

midazolam, vecuronium, alfentanil, methohexital

35
Q

CYP2D6 inhibitors

A

Quinidine and SSRIs

36
Q

Acidic urine

A

will increase reabsorption of urine and excretion of basic drug

37
Q

pseudocholinesterase

A

succx, mivacurium, local ester anesthetics and cocaine

38
Q

nonspecific esterases

A

esmolol, remifentanil, atracurium

pharm exam 1 (12 decks)

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