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Anatomy for resit cause your stupid > Things I find hard to remember > Flashcards

Things I find hard to remember Flashcards

1
Q

What is autonomic supply to the pelvic organs via?

A

Pelvic plexus

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2
Q

Innervation of female genital tract

A

Parasympathetic S2-S4

Sympathetic from pelvic and ovarian plexuses

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3
Q

Innervation of erectile tissue

A

Parasympathetic S2-S4 via hypogastric plexus

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4
Q

Innervation of cremaster muscle

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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5
Q

What do the internal iliac nodes drain (repro)?

A 
Gluteal region 
Deep structures of penis
Deep perineum 
Inferior pelvic viscera
Prostate 
Seminal vesicle
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6
Q

What do the sacral nodes drain?

A

Prostate
Postero-inferior pelvic structures
Inferior rectum

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7
Q

What do the common iliac vessels drain?

A

External lymph nodes
Internal lymph nodes
Sacral lymph nodes

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8
Q

Difference between M and F false pelvis

A 
M = deep 
F = shallow
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9
Q

Difference between M and F true pelvis

A 
M = narrow and deep
F = wide and shallow
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10
Q

Difference of pelvic inlet M and F

A 
M = heart shaped
F = oval shaped
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11
Q

Difference of obturator foramen M and F

A 
M = Circular
F = Oval
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12
Q

Ligaments of support to uterus

A

Cardinal
Pubocervical
Sacrocervical
Pelvic diaphragm

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13
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tesits

A

Lumbar

Para-aortic

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14
Q

What does the cardinal ligament contain?

A

Uterine arteries and veins

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15
Q

What is most part of the uterine body drained by?

A

External iliac nodes

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16
Q

What is the uterine cervix and upper vagina drained by?

A

Internal iliac nodes

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17
Q

What is the opening of the cervix drained by?

A

Sacral nodes

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18
Q

What umbilical structure persists during foetal circulation and as what?

A

Left umbilical vein

Foramen venosus

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19
Q

What are the axillary nodes?

A 
Apical
Central 
Pectoral / anterior
Subscapular / posterior
Humeral / lateral
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20
Q

Function of the perineal membrane

A

Fix and stabilise perineal body

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21
Q

Function of bulbospongiosus

A

Removal of residual urine after urination in males
Pulsatile emission of semen during ejaculation
Compress urethra
Females ; closes vaginal canal
Facilitates ejection of clitoris

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22
Q

Function of ischiocavernosus

A

Stabilises erection

Compresses crus penis and retards the return of blood through the veins therefore the organ maintains erect

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23
Q

Function of the perineal body

A

Point of attachment for muscle fibres of the pelvic floor and the perineum
Final support of pelvic viscera

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24
Q

Where is the internal urethral sphincter found?

A

Superficial perineal space

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25
Q

What does the internal pudendal vein drain?

A

Urethral bulb
Perianal Veins
Inferior haemorrhoidal veins

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26
Q

Function of coracoacromial arch

A

To prevent upward displacement of the humeral head

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27
Q

Actions of pec major

A

Adduction
internal rotation
Flexion

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28
Q

Action of supraspinatus

A

Abduction

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29
Q

What muscles cause lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Posterior fibres of the deltoid
Lower trapezius

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30
Q

What roots and cords are musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

Lateral cord

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31
Q

What roots and cord are axillary nerve?

A

C5 + C7

Posterior cord

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32
Q

What roots and cord are median nerve?

A

C5-T1

Lateral and medial cords

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33
Q

What roots and cords are the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

Posterior cord

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34
Q

What roots and cords are the ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

Medial cord

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35
Q

Actions of coracobrachialis

A

Flexion at shoulder

Adduction at shoulder

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36
Q

What is the position of the median nerve in relation to the axillary artery?

A

Lateral

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37
Q

What is the position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the brachial and ulnar arteries?

A

Medial

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38
Q

Action of brachioradialis

A

Flexion at elbow

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39
Q

What is the palmar fascia/aponeurosis a continuation of?

A

The palmaris longus

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40
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

A strong fibrous band which converts the concavity of the palmar surface (carpal bones) into a channel -> the carpal tunnel

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41
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicus

A

Ulnar nerve

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42
Q

What bones are found in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid

Trapezium

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43
Q

What forms extensor expansions?

A

4 extensor digitorum tends flattening

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44
Q

What do the superficial inguinal nodes drain?

A

Skin of buttocks
Thigh
Anterior calf
Dorsum of foot

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45
Q

What do popliteal nodes drain?

A

Posterior calf

Skin on plantar side of foot

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46
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

Flexion of hip
Flexion of knee
Abduction of hip
Lateral rotation of hip

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47
Q

What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

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48
Q

Medial border of femoral triangle

A

Adductor longus

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49
Q

Lateral border of femoral triangle

A

Sartorius

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50
Q

Superior border of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

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51
Q

Base of femoral triangle

A

Pectinus
iliopsoas
Adductor longus

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52
Q

Nerve roots of the lumbar plexus

A

T12-L4

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53
Q

Nerve roots of sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

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54
Q

Actions of iliotibial tract

A

Extension of hip
Abduction of hip
Lateral rotation of hip
Lateral knee stabilisation

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55
Q

Sciatic nerve roots

A

L4-S3

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56
Q

What is the malleolar mortise formed from?

A

Transverse part of the posterior tibial ligament

Lower end of the tibia and fibia

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57
Q

When is the ankle joint unstable?

A

During plantar flexion

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58
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcenofibular

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59
Q

Action of quadratus plantae

A

Flexion of the 4 digits

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60
Q

Nerve roots of the tibial nerve

A

L4-S3

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61
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

Talo-calcaneal joint

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62
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Synovial plane

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63
Q

What type of joint is the talus-navicular joint?

A

Ball and socket

64
Q

What helps with uneven ground / balancing on 1 leg?

A

Articulated ball and socket between talus and navicular bones allowing pivot
Joints between talus and calcaneous allowin side to side movements
Some movements at the transverse talar joint

65
Q

Innervation of the quadratus plantae

A

Lateral plantar nerve

66
Q

Function of foot arches

A

Distribute body weight

Act as shock absorbers

67
Q

Function of calcaneonavicular ligament

A

Resist force of weight on bones
Maintain medial longitudinal arch
Contributes to subtalar joints

68
Q

Function of popliteus

A

Unlocks knee by lateral rotation

69
Q

Where does the popliteus arise?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

70
Q

Passive factors maintaining the integrity of the arches?

A

Shape of the united bones
Plantar aponeurosis
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament

71
Q

Dynamic factors maintaining the integrity of the arches?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibialis anterior and the fibularis longus

72
Q

Type of joint between C1-C2

A

Synovial pivot

73
Q

Type of joint between C1 - skull

A

Synovial ellipsoid

74
Q

Joint type between vertebral bodies

A

Synovial plane

75
Q

Joint type between intervertebral discs

A

secondary cartilagenous

76
Q

Action of piriformis

A

Lateral rotation

Abduction

77
Q

Bones that make up the subtalar joint

A

Talus

Calcaneous

78
Q

Nerve roots of the superficial fibular nerve

A

L4-S1

79
Q

Nerve roots of the deep fibular nerve

A

L4-S1

80
Q

Nerve roots of the common fibular nerve

A

L4-S2

81
Q

Superior boundary of the deep perineal pouch

A

Urogenital diaphragm

82
Q

Inferior boundary of the deep perineal pouch

A

Perineal membrane

83
Q

Lateral boundaries of the deep perineal pouch

A

Obturator internus

84
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter found?

A

Deep perineal pouch

85
Q

What is the least mobile part of the uterus?

A

Cervix

86
Q

Branch of subclavian supplying the breast

A

Internal thoracic

87
Q

Branch of axillary supplying the breast

A

Lateral thoracic

88
Q

Functions of clavicle

A

Protects brachial plexus
Attaches limb to body
Transmits force from limb to axial

89
Q

Where does the coracoclavicular ligament attach to on the clavicle?

A

Conoid tubercle

Trapezoid line

90
Q

Function of teres minor

A

Abduction

Lateral rotation

91
Q

What is the upper trunk?

A

C5 + C6

92
Q

What is the middle trunk?

A

C7

93
Q

What is the lower trunk?

A

C8 + C9

94
Q

What is different about the medial epidcondyle of the humerus compared to the lateral?

A

Larger

Extends more

95
Q

Where does the biceps brachii attach?

A

Radial tuberosity

96
Q

Where does the brachialis attach?

A

Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna

97
Q

What are the articulating parts of the elbow?

A

Trochlear notch => Trochlea
Head of radius => capitulum
Olecranon => olecranon fossa

98
Q

Where do superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate?

A

Medial epicondyle

99
Q

Where does the FDS attach?

A

Middle phalanges 2-5

100
Q

Where does the FDP attach?

A

Distal phalanges 2-5

101
Q

Medial border of anatomical snuffbox

A

Extensor pollcius longus

102
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate from?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

103
Q

Innervation of Pectoralis major

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

104
Q

What cord does the medial and lateral pectoral nerves arise from?

A

Lateral cord

105
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

106
Q

What innervates the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular nerves

107
Q

What innervates the teres major?

A

Subscapular nerves

108
Q

What innervates the lattisimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

109
Q

What innervates the supra and infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

110
Q

What innervates the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

111
Q

What innervates levator scapulae?

A

C3 - C5

112
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum arise from?

A

Lateral epicondyle

113
Q

Where do the main superficial veins of the upper limb arise?

A

Subcutaneous tissue in the dorsum of the hand

114
Q

What pathology can synovial sheaths covering the extensor tendons communicate with?

A

Synovial cyst / ganglion

115
Q

Where does the dorsa; expansion wrap around?

A

Dorsum and sides of the head of metacarpal

Base of proximal phalanx

116
Q

Causes of venous stasis

A

Muscular inactivity

External pressure on veins

117
Q

What dermatomes make up the two halves of the foot?

A

S1 and L5

118
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder match?

A

Ball of hip completely surrounded by socket of the pelvis

The shoulder joint is more like a golf ball resting on a tee

119
Q

Function of iliofemoral ligament

A

Prevention of hyperextension

120
Q

Function of pubofemoral ligament

A

Prevention of hyperabduction

121
Q

Innervation of illiacus, psoas major and pectinus

A

illiacus - femoral
psoas major - L1-L3 anterior rami
Pectinus - femoral

122
Q

When is the gluteus maximus muscle strong?

A

Standing from sitting position

Climbing stairs

123
Q

When is the gluteus maximus relatively inactive?

A

Normal walking

124
Q

Where do the abductor muscles insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

125
Q

Injury to the nerves supplying the hip abductors can be caused by what? And what does this cause?

A

Hip replacement surgery

Trendelenberg gait

126
Q

Action of rectus femoris on hip

A

Stabilises hip joint

Helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

127
Q

What is found above the platella?

A

Quadriceps tendon

128
Q

What is found below the platella?

A

Patellar ligament

129
Q

Where does the Sartorius cross the hip and knee joints?

A

Hip anteriorly

Knee posteriorly

130
Q

Lumbar plexus roots

A

T12-L4

131
Q

Action of iliotibial tract

A

Extension of hip
Abduction of hip
External rotation of hip
Lateral knee stabilisation

132
Q

Nerve supply to piriformis

A

S1 + S2

133
Q

Nerve supply to obturator internus

A

L5 - S2

134
Q

Which ligament of the ankle joint is the weakest?

A

Lateral

135
Q

Another name for the medial ligament of the ankle

A

Deltoid ligament

136
Q

What is flexion of the toes essential for?

A

The push off from the ground phase of the gait cycle

137
Q

What does extensor pollicus brevis do?

A

Extends MCP joint

138
Q

What does extensor pollicus longus do?

A

Extends MCP joint and IP joint

139
Q

Function of subacromial bursae

A

Seperates superior surface of the supraspinatus from coracoacromial ligament, acromion and coracoid and deep deltoid muscle

140
Q

Action of subscapularis

A

Internal rotation

141
Q

What inserts onto greater tubercle of humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
Teres minor

142
Q

What inserts onto lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

143
Q

Function of sacrotuberus and sacrospinous ligaments

A

Strengthen sacroiliac joints

144
Q

Function of pelvic floor

A

Divides pelvis from the perineum

Supports pelvic viscera

145
Q

What covers the levator ani muscles and the coccygeus?

A

Dense layer of pelvic fascia

146
Q

Difference between tunica albinguera and tunica vaginalis

A

Albinguera very inside

Vaginalis more outside it

147
Q

What is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?

A

Superior gluteal artery which is a branch of the internal iliac artery

148
Q

Supply to vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis

A

Sympathetic L1 + L2 via hypogastric plexus

149
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum around?

A

The urethra

150
Q

What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

inferior pelvic structures
deep perineal structures
Sacral nodes
Seminal vesicles

151
Q

Function of accessory glands (repro)

A

Support gametes and lubricate copulatory organs

152
Q

What nerves are found in the spermatic cord?

A

Genital branch of the genito femoral nerve

Autonomic nerves

153
Q

Where do the R and L testicular and ovarian veins drain to?

A

R => IVC

L => Left renal vein

154
Q

What is found in older men in the prostate on histology?

A

Eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacae

155
Q

What is a corneal ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ectopic pregnancy that develops in the intestinal portion of the fallopian tube invading through the uterine wall

156
Q

Function of superficial and deep perineal muscles

A

Stabilise position of the perineal body

Anatomy for resit cause your stupid (9 decks)

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