Thigh, Leg

Question 1

Name the structures forming boundaries, roof and floor of Femoral triangle.

Answer 1

1. ROOF - Skin, Superficial fascia, Deep fascia (fascia Lata)
2. FLOOR- (from lat. to med.) Iliacus, Tendon of psoas major, Pectinues, Adductor longus.
   B/w iliacus & psoas- Trunk of femoral nerve
   B/w psoas & Pectineus- Circumflex femoral vessels
   B/w Pectineus & Adductor Longus- Profunda femoris vessels.
3. Medially- Medial border of adductor longus
4. Laterally- Medial border of Sartorius
5. Base- Inguinal ligament
6. Apex - Point where the medial and lateral boundaries meet.

Question 2

What are the contents of femoral triangle?

Answer 2

1. Femoral artery and 6 named branches
2. Femoral vein and tributaries
3. Femoral nerve and it’s branches
4. Deep inguinal lymph nodes
5. Femoral branch of Genitofemoral nerve
6. Lateral cutaneous nerve of Thigh
7. Fibrofatty tissue

Question 3

How many branches of the Femoral artery? Name them.

Answer 3

7 branches in total— 6 given in the femoral triangle and 7th branch in the adductor canal.

1. Superficial epigastric artery
2. Superficial circumflex iliac artery
3. Superficial external pudendal artery
4. Deep external pudendal artery
5. Muscular branches
6. Profunda femoris artery
7. Descending genicular artery

Question 4

Branches of Profunda femoris artery?

Answer 4

1. Medial circumflex femoral
2. Lateral circumflex femoral
3. Perforating arteries

Question 5

Name the boundaries and contents of Adductor Canal? Clinical importance?

Answer 5

Boundaries

1. Anterolatetal wall - Vastus medialis
2. Floor. Adductor longus in the upper part and adductor Magnus in the lower part
3. Roof - Sartorius muscle and the fascia stretching across the above mentioned muscles. Subsartorial plexus lies deep to Sartorius. It is formed by — medial cutaneous nerve of thigh, saphenous nerve and Ant division of Obturator nerve .

Contents

1. Femoral artery which gives off the descending genicular branch before leaving the canal
2. Femoral vein lies behind the artery in the upper part, but posterolateral to it in the lost part
3. Saphenous nerve
4. Nerve to Vastus medialis
5. Post. Division of Obturator nerve
6. Terminal part of profunda femoris artery

Clinical: For treatment of Popliteal aneurysm, Femoral artery is ligated in the adductor canal (Hunter’s operation)

Question 6

What is the Triceps Surae and Tendo-Achilles?

Answer 6

The two heads of the Gastrocnemius muscle and tendon Soleus muscle are together referred to as the Triceps Surae.

The tendon of Gastrocnemius fuses with the tendon of soleus, forming the Tendo-Achilles whose insertion is at the middle 1/3rd of posterior surface of Calcaneus.

The tendo-Achilles is the strongest and thickest tendon of the body, 15 cm long. Begins near the middle of the leg.

Question 7

Peroneus Longus supports both Longitudinal and Transverse arches of foot.

Answer 7

The tendon of Peroneus longus passes deep to the peroneal retinacula, passes through a tunnel in cuboid and gets inserted into

(a) Lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal
(b) medial cuneiform bone

• Peroneus longus and Tibialis anterior are inserted into the same two bones and thus they form a stirrup beneath middle of the sole.
• While Tibialis anterior supports the Medial longitudinal arch, the Peroneus longus maintains the Lateral longitudinal by acting as a suspension.

-For Transverse arches, it acts a tie beam along with Tibialis posterior.