Osteology

Question 1

What are the three parts of the hip bone? What are their contributions to the formation of Acetabulum?

Answer 1

Ilium, ischium and pubis.

Acetabulum:
•Ilium forms superior 2/5th
•Ischium forms postero-inferior 2/5th
• Pubis forms anterior-inferior 1/5th

Question 2

What are the attachments of the iliac crest?

Answer 2

Iliac crest can be divided into a ventral segment (more than the anterior 2/3rd) and a dorsal segment.
VENTRAL SEGMENT
1. Outer Lip
•Fascia Lata - whole extent
•Tensor Fascia latae (origin) in front of the tubercle
• Iliotibial tract - to the tubercle
• Ext oblique (insertion) in ant 2/3rd
• Latissimus Dorsi - begins the highest point

2. Intermediate area- Origin of Int Oblique
3. Inner lip :-
   •Ant 2/3rd- origin Transversus Abdominis
   •Post 1/3rd origin Quadratus Lumborum

DORSAL SEGMENT

1. Lateral slope - origin of Gluteus Max.
2. Medial slope - origin of Erector spinae. Two ligaments : Dorsal Sacroiliac & Interosseous Sacroiliac ligament.

Question 3

Presenting parts of the ilium?

Answer 3

Upper end called iliac crest

Lower end fuses with the ischium and pubis to form acetabulum

3 borders - Anterior, Posterior, Medial

3 surfaces - Iliac fossa, Gluteal surface, Sacropelvic surface (Sacropelvic surface has 3 parts— Auricular and Pelvic surfaces, Iliac tuberosity)

Question 4

What are the presenting parts of patella?

Answer 4

Patella has : 2 surfaces and 3 borders, an apex and a base.

Anterior and posterior surface
Superior, Medial and Lateral borders.

Question 5

Describe the anterior and posterior surface of patella.

Answer 5

Anterior surface is rough and non-articular.

-Posterior surface is articular in the Upper 3/4th.
The articular surface is divided by a vertical ridge into a larger lateral portion and smaller medial portion.
-A vertical ridge on the medial portion separates a medial strip from the rest of the surface. The medial strip articulates with a similar strip on the medial side of intercondylar notch of femur during full flexion.
- The rest of the lateral and medial portions are divided by two transverse lines into 3 pairs of articular facets.

Question 6

Attachments of patella.

Answer 6

Sup. border- Rectus femoris in front and Vastus intermedius behind

Lateral border- Vastus lateralis in the upper 1/3rd

Medial border- Vastus medialis in the upper 2/3rd

Lower Non-articular area of posterior surface attaches the Ligamentum patellae.

Question 7

Name the articulating facets of patella during different phases of knee movements.

Answer 7

During full extension- lower pair of facets

Beginning of flexion- middle pair

Midflexion- upper pair

Full flexion - medial strip