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Musculoskeletal System > Thigh and the Knee > Flashcards

Thigh and the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Name the features of the proximal end of the femur

A

Head

Neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Intertrochanteric line

Intertrochanteric crest

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2
Q

Name the features of the shaft of the femur

A

Linea aspera

Pectineal line

Gluteal tuberosity

Popliteal fossa

Medial and lateral supracondylar lines

Adductor tubercle

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3
Q

Name the features of the distal end of the femur

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Medial and lateral condyles

Intercondylar fossa

Facet for attachement of posterior cruciate ligament

Facet for attachment of anterior cruciate ligament

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4
Q

What attaches to the patella and where do they attach

A

Patella ligament attaches at apex (inferiorly)

Quadriceps tendon attaches to base (superiorly)

Medial facet articulates with medial femoral condyle

Lateral facet articulates with lateral femoral condyle

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5
Q

Functions of the patella

A

Leg extension

Protection

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6
Q

Name the features of the proximal end of the tibia

A

Medial and lateral condyles

Tibial tuberosity

Intercondylar tubercles

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7
Q

Name the features of the distal end of the tibia

A

Medial malleolus

Fibular notch

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8
Q

What are the fibula articulations

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Distal tibiofibular joint

Ankle joint

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9
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the fibula and where are they found

A

Facet for articulation with lateral condyle - proximal

Lateral malleolus - distal

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10
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint

A

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

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11
Q

What is the neurovasculature of the knee

A

Blood supply - genicular anastomoses from genicular arteries of femoral and popliteal arteries

Nerve - femoral, tibial and common fibular

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12
Q

What are the functions of the menisci

A

Deepend articular surface of tibia to increase joint stability

Act as shock absorbers

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13
Q

What are bursae and name the bursae of the knee

A

Fluid filled sacs between moving structures in joints that reduce wear and tear on the structures

Suprapatella

Prepatella

Infrapatella - deep and superficial

Semimembranosus

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14
Q

Name the ligaments of the knee and their function

A

Patellar ligament

Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments - stabilise hinge motion, prevent medial and lateral movement.

Anterior cruciate ligament - prevents anterior dislocation of tibia on to femur

Posterior cruciate ligament - prevents posterior dislocation of tibia on to femur

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15
Q

What are the movements of the knee and what muscles co-ordinate them

A

Extension - quadriceps

Flexion - hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Lateral rotation - biceps femoris

Medial rotation - semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

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16
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle and what are they formed by

A

Superior - inguinal ligament

Lateral - medial border of sartorius

Medial - medial border of adductor longus

17
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial

A

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Femoral canal

18
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal

A

Lymphatic vessels

Deep lymph node

Empty space

Loose connective tissue

19
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal and what form them

A

Anterior - satorius

Lateral - vastus medialis

Posterior adductor longus and adductor magnus

20
Q

What does the adductor canal contain

A

Femoral artery, vein and nerve

21
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

22
Q

What are the motor functions of the femoral nerve and what muscles does it innervate

A

Hip flexors - pectineus, iliacus, sartorius

Knee extensors - quadriceps femoris

23
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve and where do they supply

A

Anterior cutaneous - skin of anteromedial thigh

Saphenous nerve - skin on medial side of leg and foot

24
Q

What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

25
Q

What are the motor functions of the obturator nerve and what muscles does it supply

A

Adducts thigh - adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (adductor part), gracilis

Laterally rotates thigh - obturator externus

26
Q

Where does the cutaneous branch of obturator nerve supply

A

Skin of middle part of thigh

27
Q

What are the actions of the iliopsoas and what is it innervated by

A

Flexes lower limb at hip and assists in lateral rotation at hip

Iliacus - femoral nerve

Psoas - anterior (ventral) rami of L1-3

28
Q

What are the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris, what are their actions and innervations

A

All are innervated by the femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis - extends knee joint

Vastus intermedius - extends knee joint

Vastus medialis - extends knee joint

Rectus femoris - extends knee joint and flexes hip joint

29
Q

What are actions and innervations of the sartorius

A

Actions - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip and flexes at knee

Femoral nerve

30
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the pectineus

A

Actions - adduction and flexion at hip

Femoral nerve

31
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Iliopsoas

Quadriceps femoris

Sartorius

Pectineus

32
Q

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Gracilis

Adductor magnus

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Obturator externus

33
Q

What are the actions and innervations of the adductor magnus

A

Actions - both parts adduct thigh

  • Adductor part - flexes thigh
  • Hamstring part - extends thigh

Innervations

  • Adductor part - obturator nerve
  • Hamstring part - tibial nerve
34
Q

What are the actions and innervation of adductor longus

A

Actions - adduction and medial rotation of thigh

Obturator nerve

35
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the adductor brevis

A

Actions - adduction of thigh

Obturator nerve

36
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the obturator externus

A

Actions - laterally rotates thigh

Obturator nerve

37
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the gracilis

A

Actions - adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of leg at knee

Obturator nerve

38
Q
A

Musculoskeletal System (13 decks)

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