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Musculoskeletal System > Gluteal Region and the Hip > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and the Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sign of superior gluteal nerve injury

A

Positive Trendelenburg sign on opposite of nerve injury

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2
Q

What does positive trendelenburg sign on the right hand side show

A

There has been injury to the left superior gluteal nerve

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3
Q

What strengthens the hip joint

A

Acetabular labrum and transverse acetabular ligament

Fibrous joint capsule

Joint ligaments

Muscles that move the joint

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4
Q

Name the hip joint ligaments

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

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5
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament and where does it span

A

Protects the joint from hyperextension

Spans from anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric line

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6
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament and where does it span

A

Protects from over abduction and extension

Spans from superior pubic rami to the intertrochanteric line

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7
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament and where does it span

A

Limits extension

Spans from ischium body to the greater trochanter

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8
Q

Name the hip flexors

A

Iilacus and psoas - Iliopsoas

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

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9
Q

Name the hip adductors

A

Adductor magnus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Pectineus

Gracilius

Obturator externus

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10
Q

Name the hip extensors

A

Gluteus maximus

Long head of biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

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11
Q

Name the hip abductors

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

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12
Q

Name the lateral rotators

A

Piriformis

Superior gemellus

Inferior gemellus

Obturator internus

Quadratus femoris

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13
Q

Name the medial rotators

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

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14
Q

Name the nerves that supply the muscles of the hip joint

A

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

Superior gluteal nerve

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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15
Q

Name the branches of the lumbar plexus

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

Genitofemoral nerve

Lateral cutaneous nerve

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

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16
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve root and functions

A

L1 root

Motor: innervates internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Sensory: innervates skin on upper thigh. Men- skin over penis root and anterior scrotum. Women- skin over mons pubis and labia majora

17
Q

Genitofemoral nerve roots and functions

A

L1 and L2 roots

Motor: innervates cremasteric muscle

Sensory: innervates skin of anterior scrotum and skin over mons pubis and labia major. Innervates skin over upper anterior thigh

18
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve roots and functions

A

L2 and L3 roots

Motor: none

Sensory: innervates anterior and lateral thigh to the knee

19
Q

Femoral nerve roots and functions

A

L2, L3 and L4 roots

Motor: innervates iliacus, pectineus, sartorius and all muslces of quadriceps femoris

Sensory: innervates skin of anterior thigh and medial leg

20
Q

Obturator nerve roots and functions

A

L2, L3 and L4 roots

Motor: obturator externus, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis and adductor magnus

Sensory: innervates skin over medial thigh

21
Q

Name the branches of the sacral plexus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

Inferior gluteal nerve

Sciatic nerve

Posterior femoral cutaneous

22
Q

Superior gluteal nerve roots and functions

A

L4, L5 and S1 roots

Motor: innvervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

Sensory: none

23
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve roots and functions

A

L5, S1 and S2 roots

Motor: innervates gluteus maximus

Sensory: none

24
Q

Sciatic nerve roots and functions

A

L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3 roots

Motor:

  • Tibial portion: muscles in posterior compartment of thigh except short head of biceps femoris, muscles in posterior compartment of leg and muscles in sole of foot
  • Common fibular portion: short head of biceps femoris, muscles in anterior and lateral compartments of leg and extensor digitorum brevis.

Sensory

  • Tibial portion: skin of posterolateral and medial surfaces of foot and sole of foot.
  • Common fibular portion: skin on anterolateral surface of leg and dorsal aspect of foot.
25
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve roots and functions

A

S1, S2 and S3 roots

Motor: none

Sensory: skin on posterior surface of thigh and leg, and skin of perineum.

26
Q

What movement does the iliotibial tract do

A

Extensor, abductor and lateral rotator of hip

Lateral stabilsation to the knee joint

27
Q

Attachments of tensor fascia latae

A

Originates from iliac crest

Inserts into anterior aspect of iliotibial tract

28
Q

Functions of tensor fascia latae

A

Flexes, abducts and interally rotates the hip

Tenses the fascia latae

Can pull the iliotibial tract taut to brace the knee

29
Q

How can osteoarthritis be classified

A

Primary where the cause is unknown and secondary where there is a known cause

30
Q

Describe some symptoms of osteoarthritis

A

Deep aching joint pain

Reduced range of motion

Crepitus

Stiffness during rest

31
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of OA on an X-ray

A

Reduced joint space

Subchondral sclerosis

Bone cysts

Osteophytes

32
Q

What is a #NOF

A

Fractured neck of femur - a fracture of the proximal femur, up to 5cm below the greater trochanter

33
Q

Symptoms of #NOF

A

Reduced mobility

Sudden inability to bear weight on the limb

Pain which may be felt in the hip, groin and/or knee

34
Q

How would a #NOF present when examined

A

Affected leg is shortened, abducted and externally rotated

Exacerbation of pain on palpation of greater trochanter or by rotation of the hip

35
Q

What are the two classifications of #NOF

A

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

36
Q

What are the types of hip displacement

A

Posterior

Anterior

Central

Musculoskeletal System (13 decks)

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