Leg, ankle and foot Flashcards by Thomas Burnell

What are the groups of bones of the foot and what are the individual bones

Tarsals

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Three cuneiforms

Metatarsals - I-V (distal head and proximal base)

Phalanges - I-V consisting of 3 bones (proximal, intermediate and distal) with hallux having two

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which bones form the ankle joint and what type of joint is it

Tibia, fibular and talus

Hinge joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two movements allowed by the ankle joint and which is more stable and why

Dorsiflexion - more stable as broad anterior part of talus held in mortise

Plantarflexion - less stable as narrow part in mortise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ligaments of the ankle joint, where do they originate and what are their functions

Medial - from medial malleolus, resists over-eversion

Lateral - from lateral malleolus, resists over-inversion, formed of three ligaments: anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscles are involved in the two movements of the ankle

Dorsiflexion - tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

Plantarflexion - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which bones form the subtalar joint and what type of joint is it

Talus and calcaneus

Plane synovial joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What ligaments stabilise the subtalar joint

Posterior talocalcaneal

Medial talocalcaneal

Lateral talocalcaneal

Interosseous talocalcaneal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the movements of the subtalar joints and what muscles produce them

Eversion and inversion

Muscles in lateral compartment of leg and tibialis anterior muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What the contents of the popliteal fossa from most deep to most superficial

Popliteal artery

Popliteal vein

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and which nerve innervates them

Tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris

Soleus

Popliteus

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallucis longus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscles plantarflex at the ankle

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris

Soleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the bursa of the calcaneal tendon

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Deep bursa of calcaneal tendon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the popliteus do

Laterally rotates femur

Unlocks the knee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the tibialis posterior do

Inverts and plantarflexes foot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the flexor digitorum longus do

Flexes lateral four toes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the flexor hallucis longus do

Flexes hallux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg and what innervates them

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the action of fibularis longus

Eversion and plantarflexion

What is the action of the fibularis brevis

Eversion of foot

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg and what are they innervated by

Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

What does the tibialis anterior do

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus

Dorsiflexion of foot and extension of lateral four toes

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus

Dorsiflexion of foot and extension of great toe

What is the action of the fibularis tertius

Eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

What are the nerve roots of the common fibular nerve and what does it form when it terminates

Nerve roots - L4-S2 Bifurcates into superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves

What are the muscles innervated by the common fibular nerve and its branches

Innervates short head of biceps femoris Superficial fibular - fibularis longus and brevis Deep fibular - tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, some intrinsic foot muscles

What are the sensory functions of the common fibular and its branches

Sural communicating - skin over lower posterolateral leg Lateral sural cutaneous - skin over upper lateral leg Superficial fibular - skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot Deep fibular - skin between 1st and 2nd toes

What are the nerve roots of the superficial fibular nerves and what are the branches it terminates into

Nerve roots - L4-S1 Medial and intermedial dorsal cutaneous nerves

What are the muscles innervated by superficial fibular

Supplies fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

What are the sensory functions of the superficial fibular

Skin over anterolateral leg Skin of dorsum of foot (except between hallux and 2nd digit)

What are the nerve roots of the deep fibular nerve and what branches does it terminate into

Nerve roots - L4 and L5 Lateral branch Medial branch

What are the muscles innervated by the deep fibular

Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius

What are the arteries of the thigh and gluteal region

Femoral artery Lateral and medial femoral circumflex artery Obturator artery - anterior and posterior branches Gluteal arteries - superficial and inferior

What are the arteries in the leg

Popliteal artery Anterior and posterior tibial arteries Fibular artrey

What are the arteries in the foot

Dorsalis pedis artery Posterior tibial artery Lateral and medial plantar arteries Deep plantar arch

What are the deep veins of the foot and leg

Dorsal venous arch Superficial veins in foot Anterior and posterior tibial vein Medial and lateral plantar veins Fibular vein Popliteal vein

What are the deep veins of the thigh

Femoral vein Profunda femoris vein

What are the deep veins of the gluteal region

Inferior and superior gluteal veins Internal and external iliac veins

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb

The great and small saphenous veins

What are the lymphatic vessels of the lower limb and where do they drain into

Superficial - medial drains into sub-inguinal nodes, lateral drains either into popliteal nodes or joins medial vessel Deep - anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal. All drain into popliteal lymph nodes

What are the lymphatic nodes of the lower limb

Inguinal nodes * Superficial inguinal * Superficial sub-inguinal * Deep sub-inguinal Popliteal nodes

What are the arches of the foot and which bones form them

Medial longitudinal - calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, first three metatarsals Lateral longitudinal - calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals Anterior transverse - metatarsal bases, cuboid, three cuneiforms

What are the stages of walking/gait cycle and what muscles are involved in each stage

Heel-strike - gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, anterior compartment of leg Support - quadriceps femoirs, foot inverters and everters, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata Toe-off - hamstring muscles, quadriceps femoris, posterior compartment of leg Leg-lift - ilipsoas, rectus femoris, hamsting muscles, anterior compartment of leg Swing - ilipsoas, rectus femoris, quadriceps femoris, anterior compartment of leg