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Musculoskeletal System > Leg, ankle and foot > Flashcards

Leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the groups of bones of the foot and what are the individual bones

A

Tarsals

  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Three cuneiforms

Metatarsals - I-V (distal head and proximal base)

Phalanges - I-V consisting of 3 bones (proximal, intermediate and distal) with hallux having two

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2
Q

Which bones form the ankle joint and what type of joint is it

A

Tibia, fibular and talus

Hinge joint

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3
Q

What are the two movements allowed by the ankle joint and which is more stable and why

A

Dorsiflexion - more stable as broad anterior part of talus held in mortise

Plantarflexion - less stable as narrow part in mortise

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4
Q

What are the ligaments of the ankle joint, where do they originate and what are their functions

A

Medial - from medial malleolus, resists over-eversion

Lateral - from lateral malleolus, resists over-inversion, formed of three ligaments: anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular

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5
Q

Which muscles are involved in the two movements of the ankle

A

Dorsiflexion - tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

Plantarflexion - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis

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6
Q

Which bones form the subtalar joint and what type of joint is it

A

Talus and calcaneus

Plane synovial joint

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7
Q

What ligaments stabilise the subtalar joint

A

Posterior talocalcaneal

Medial talocalcaneal

Lateral talocalcaneal

Interosseous talocalcaneal

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8
Q

What are the movements of the subtalar joints and what muscles produce them

A

Eversion and inversion

Muscles in lateral compartment of leg and tibialis anterior muscle

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9
Q

What the contents of the popliteal fossa from most deep to most superficial

A

Popliteal artery

Popliteal vein

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and which nerve innervates them

A

Tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris

Soleus

Popliteus

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallucis longus

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11
Q

What muscles plantarflex at the ankle

A

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris

Soleus

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12
Q

What are the bursa of the calcaneal tendon

A

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Deep bursa of calcaneal tendon

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13
Q

What does the popliteus do

A

Laterally rotates femur

Unlocks the knee

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14
Q

What does the tibialis posterior do

A

Inverts and plantarflexes foot

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15
Q

What does the flexor digitorum longus do

A

Flexes lateral four toes

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16
Q

What does the flexor hallucis longus do

A

Flexes hallux

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17
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg and what innervates them

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

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18
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus

A

Eversion and plantarflexion

19
Q

What is the action of the fibularis brevis

A

Eversion of foot

20
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg and what are they innervated by

A

Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

21
Q

What does the tibialis anterior do

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

22
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus

A

Dorsiflexion of foot and extension of lateral four toes

23
Q

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus

A

Dorsiflexion of foot and extension of great toe

24
Q

What is the action of the fibularis tertius

A

Eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

25
Q

What are the nerve roots of the common fibular nerve and what does it form when it terminates

A

Nerve roots - L4-S2

Bifurcates into superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves

26
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the common fibular nerve and its branches

A

Innervates short head of biceps femoris

Superficial fibular - fibularis longus and brevis

Deep fibular - tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, some intrinsic foot muscles

27
Q

What are the sensory functions of the common fibular and its branches

A

Sural communicating - skin over lower posterolateral leg

Lateral sural cutaneous - skin over upper lateral leg

Superficial fibular - skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot

Deep fibular - skin between 1st and 2nd toes

28
Q

What are the nerve roots of the superficial fibular nerves and what are the branches it terminates into

A

Nerve roots - L4-S1

Medial and intermedial dorsal cutaneous nerves

29
Q

What are the muscles innervated by superficial fibular

A

Supplies fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

30
Q

What are the sensory functions of the superficial fibular

A

Skin over anterolateral leg

Skin of dorsum of foot (except between hallux and 2nd digit)

31
Q

What are the nerve roots of the deep fibular nerve and what branches does it terminate into

A

Nerve roots - L4 and L5

Lateral branch

Medial branch

32
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the deep fibular

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Fibularis tertius

33
Q

What are the arteries of the thigh and gluteal region

A

Femoral artery

Lateral and medial femoral circumflex artery

Obturator artery - anterior and posterior branches

Gluteal arteries - superficial and inferior

34
Q

What are the arteries in the leg

A

Popliteal artery

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Fibular artrey

35
Q

What are the arteries in the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

Posterior tibial artery

Lateral and medial plantar arteries

Deep plantar arch

36
Q

What are the deep veins of the foot and leg

A

Dorsal venous arch

Superficial veins in foot

Anterior and posterior tibial vein

Medial and lateral plantar veins

Fibular vein

Popliteal vein

37
Q

What are the deep veins of the thigh

A

Femoral vein

Profunda femoris vein

38
Q

What are the deep veins of the gluteal region

A

Inferior and superior gluteal veins

Internal and external iliac veins

39
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb

A

The great and small saphenous veins

40
Q

What are the lymphatic vessels of the lower limb and where do they drain into

A

Superficial - medial drains into sub-inguinal nodes, lateral drains either into popliteal nodes or joins medial vessel

Deep - anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal. All drain into popliteal lymph nodes

41
Q

What are the lymphatic nodes of the lower limb

A

Inguinal nodes

  • Superficial inguinal
  • Superficial sub-inguinal
  • Deep sub-inguinal

Popliteal nodes

42
Q

What are the arches of the foot and which bones form them

A

Medial longitudinal - calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, first three metatarsals

Lateral longitudinal - calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals

Anterior transverse - metatarsal bases, cuboid, three cuneiforms

43
Q

What are the stages of walking/gait cycle and what muscles are involved in each stage

A

Heel-strike - gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, anterior compartment of leg

Support - quadriceps femoirs, foot inverters and everters, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata

Toe-off - hamstring muscles, quadriceps femoris, posterior compartment of leg

Leg-lift - ilipsoas, rectus femoris, hamsting muscles, anterior compartment of leg

Swing - ilipsoas, rectus femoris, quadriceps femoris, anterior compartment of leg

44
Q
A

Musculoskeletal System (13 decks)

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