These are the endocrine diseases, classified Flashcards
to be like catriona
pancreas no longer produces insulin (autoimmune)
type 1 diabetes
insulin resistance due to repeated exposure to insulin and glucose = pancreas fatigue
type 2 diabetes
excess growth hormone before bones fuse
gigantism
excess growth hormone after bones fuse
acromegaly
no insulin = body thinks it’s starving, and it uses/breaks down fat (liver) and the body counteracts acidity with HCO3, whilst kidneys remove acid. Eventually too much ketones in the serum.
ketoacidosis.
too much prolactin from anterior pituitary
hyperprolactinemia
too little prolactin
hyperprolactinaemia
post partum haemorrhage = decrease in blood volume = avascular necrosis of the pituitary = ischaemia only of the anterior pituitary gland, all anterior pituitary hormones affected: TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, prolactin
sheehan’s syndrome
too much cortisol from adrenal glands
cushing syndrome
too much cortisol due to excessive ACTH from pituitary adenoma
cushing disease
high levels of aldosterone (often the case when hypertensive)
hyperaldosteronism
adrenal adenoma leading to too much aldosterone
conn’s syndrome
adrenal glands don’t produce enough steroid hormones, especially cortisol and aldosterone
adrenal insufficiency
adrenal glands have been damaged- primary adrenal insufficiency, usually autoimmune
Addison’s disease
Decrease in ACTH from the pituitary, leading to a decrease in cortisol.
this could perhaps be due to: sheehans, tumour, surgery, radiotherapy
secondary adrenal insufficiency
autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland, associated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
hashimoto disease (hypothyroidism)
more T3/T4 is produced because TSH antibodies basically act like more TSH receptors (on thyroid)
Graves disease
most common cause of hypothyroidism in the developing world
iodine deficiency
increase in para-thyroidism, therefore raising blood calcium therefore stones, bones, groans and moans
hyper-parathyroidism
caused by a decrease in ADH, or a decreased response to ADH. Therefore diluted urine, concentrated blood > problem is either in the kidneys or the brain (drugs or kidney disease, or no ADH from hypothalamus)
diabetes insipidus
tumour of the adrenal glands = lots of adrenaline from the medulla
phaeochromocytoma
often caused by small cell lung cancer, increase in ADH therefore low sodium in the serum
syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
