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FS Exam 6 > Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of skin

A

More dilation and more flow at superficial area

Carry it to peripheral to cool you down

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2
Q

Heat loss =

A

heat gain

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3
Q

Core Temp

A

37 C or 98.6 F
Abdominal, thoracic, cranial cavities
Measured orally, esophageal, rectal, tympanic mem, pill

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4
Q

Skin Temp

A

34 C
Measured by weighted sum from different regions of the body
We adjust this to maintain core temp

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5
Q

Body temp is combo

A

of skin and core temp

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6
Q

Clinically significant core temp

A

above 38.5 will see symptoms

athletes can get to 40 and feel just fine though

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7
Q

Clinically significant skin temp

A

around 45

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8
Q

Heat Stroke

A

Core temp - 40.5

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9
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Core temp 38.5 - 39.5

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10
Q

Mechanisms of heat gain and loss

A 
Metabolic Rate
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
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11
Q

Metabolic Rate

A

ONLY heat gain
Shivering to warm you up
The higher it is, the higher the heat gain

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12
Q

Radiation ***

A

Heat gain from sun

Heat loss sitting in classroom (we radiate to the environment)

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13
Q

Conduction

A

Through direct contact
Heat gain if touch heater
Heat loss if sit on cold seat

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14
Q

Convection ***

A

Heat gain or loss but from skin surface to a moving liquid or gas
Ex: fan behind the heater

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15
Q

Evaporation

A

Heat loss ONLY

water conversion from liquid to vapor

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16
Q

Evaporation requires

A

vapor pressure gradient

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17
Q

Sweating ____ result in heat loss, evaporation must occur - depends on

A

does NOT
SA exposed
Wind speed
Relative humidity (primary factor)

18
Q

Inability to lose heat by evaporation results in

A

higher core temp

higher sweat rate

19
Q

How is body temp sensed

A

Central thermoreceptors - located in POAH, sensitive to heat
Peripheral thermoreceptors - sensitive to cold
Hypothalamus has a set point (POAH) - will cause sweat glands to secrete when core temp inc

20
Q

Effector Response - Cold

A

VC
Piloerection
Shivering
Non shivering –> thyroxin release

21
Q

Effector Response - Heat

A

VD

Sweating an evaporation

22
Q

Reflex to cold

A

Peripheral thermoreceptors –> adrenergic –> NE –> VC

23
Q

Reflex to heat

A

Central thermoreceptors –> cholinergic –> Ach –> VD

24
Q

Neural control of Cutaneous innervation

A

Dual sympathetic innervation
Adrenergic = VC
Cholinergic = VD

25
Q

At rest what tone is on muscle

A

adrenergic have some tone on muscle so when you get hot, you withdraw the symp adrenergic tone and that causes passive dilation that doubles flow and then you activate cholinergic that causes huge (6 fold) inc in flow and cholinergic is also stimulating sweat response to cool you down

26
Q

Distribution of CO when hot

A

CO will Inc. (SV dec and HR Inc)

When hot, there is a lot going to the skin

27
Q

Submaximal exercise in the heat for absolute workload CO - what will decrease

A 
CO
SV
MAP
Central blood volume (most in skin)
TPR
28
Q

Submaximal exercise in the heat for absolute workload CO - what will increase

A

avO2 difference
Rectal temp
HR

29
Q

Exercise + Heat + Dehydration and muscle blood flow

A

SV may decrease to maintain CO
Inactive tissue compensates (splanchnic)
Skin is next
Active muscle will eventually help compensate

30
Q

Other systems at work during exercise

A

Angiotensin II –> VC –> Inc BP
Angiotensin II stimulates thirst centers
Aldosterone stimules sodium reabsoprtion

31
Q

Why is hydration state important during exercise

A

poorly hydrated athlete can’t perform at his/her peak

32
Q

When we get thirsty..

A

Already dehydrated - dehydration preceeds thirst

2% of body weight dehydrated before feeling thirsty –> decline in performance

33
Q

What happens when athletes are dehydrated

A 
Blood volume shrinks
Skin blood flow is less
Muscle blood flow is less
Temperature rises
Fatigue
Blood Pressure Dec
Lightheaded
Syncope
Hyperthermia
34
Q

What makes athletes drink more fluids

A

inc by 45% when flavoring is added to water

Additional inc by 46% when flavor contained NaCl

35
Q

Dehydration imposes

A

Thermal and CV stress

36
Q

Heat Cramps

A

Associated with Na, K losses

Pulls water from cells to ISF

37
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Dizziness, extreme fatigue, vomiting, faintain, tachycardia, hypotension, profuse sweating
Volume loss that is more than high core temp
Treat with cooling, fluid and electrolyte replacement

38
Q

Heat Stoke

A

Rising core temp, cessation of sweating, hot and dry skin, hypotension, confusion or unconsiousness
Treatment = immediate rapid cooling - ice immersion

39
Q

Preventing Heat Injury

A

Plan events when environmental conditions are best
Recognize symptoms
Water availability
Acclimation

40
Q

Heat Acclimization

A

After known history of heat illness, acclimation is most important predictor of heat tolerance

41
Q

Most critical component in heat acclimation

A

expansion of plasma volume

FS Exam 6 (4 decks)

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