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FS Exam 6 > Pediatric Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Pediatric Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the biggest things you need to do for pediatric population

A

Hydrate
Give them breaks - they sweat less so don’t regulate their temp as much
They have a good aerobic capacity but poor anaerobic

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2
Q

Infant

A

Birth to 2 yrs

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3
Q

Child

A

2 to 12 years

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4
Q

Adolescent

A

12-18 years

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5
Q

Growth

A

Increased size

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6
Q

Maturation

A

Progress towards biological maturity; includes qualitative changes

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7
Q

Age Effects

A

Refers to maturational changes that are independent of changes in body size

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8
Q

Impacts of growth and maturation

A

There is a great deal of variability
Injury risk in group activities
Poorer thermoregulation and thirst sensitivity

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9
Q

Pediatric response to thermal stres

A

Less sweating

Higher core temp

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10
Q

Sweat composition for peds

A

Higher Na and Cl

Lower lactate H and K (they arent good at anaerobic)

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11
Q

Exercise intensity should ___ for a warmer environment

A

decrease

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12
Q

When does tolerance to thermal stress improve

A

Sometime after puberty before adulthood

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13
Q

With thermoregulation be cautious of

A

Hot environemnts
They may need more time for recovery
HYDRATE

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14
Q

Pulmonary Growth and Maturation
When complete
ABG

A

Alveoli development is complete by age 6
Inc in body size parallel increase in gas exchange surface area
Child arterial blood gas = adult ABG when account for size

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15
Q

More pulmonary Growth and Maturation
Compliance
Resistance

A

Low compliance and high resistance in children
- a lower breathing economy
During G/M compliance will increase and resistance will decrease

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16
Q

Pediatric Response to exercise - Breathing Economy

A

Breathing economy = you will see greater ventilation per VO2, increase breathing frequency per VO2, and increased tidal volume per VO2

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17
Q

Pediatric Response to exercise - Hyperventilation

A

Lower PETCO2 per VO2
Higher VE/VO2
VEntilation is higher per volume of oxygen consumed

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18
Q

Take away with pediatric response to exercise (breathing)

A

Work of breathing is higher for children during exericse

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19
Q

Resting Data - Cardiovascular

A

Heart volume/body size ratio is higher in children = bigger hearts for their body size
Resting HR is higher
Resting CO is higher

20
Q

Exercise Data - Cardiovascular

A

Lower SV
Higher HR
Lower CO - HR doesnt accommodate enough for lower SV
Higher avO2 per VO2 (higher oxidative capacity in muscle)

21
Q

Muscle/Metabolic Physiology

Metabolic Capability

A

Dec anaerobic, Inc aerobic
Dec CrP
Dec glycogen, Dec PFK activity
Inc SDH, citrate synthase

22
Q

Muscle/Metabolic Physiology - Muscle Fiber Types

A

Fiber proportions are largely determined by age 6
Higher Type I (better oxidative), Lower Type II than adults
Final adult proportions achieved late in adolescence
No gender differences in childhood

23
Q

Aerobic Capacity

A

Inc in VO2 max from childhood to adolescence

24
Q

Aerobic Capacity Males vs Females Adolescence

A

Males = further VO2 max Females = plateau during adolescence

25
Factors impacting aerobic capacity differences
Inc LV cavity size --> Inc SV --> Inc CO --> Inc VO2 | Maturation
26
Aerobic Capacity | Body Size vs. Maturation
``` Most of the increases across ages are due to inc in body size but also Inc FFW/BW ratio Inc myocardial contractility Inc blood volume Inc Hb ```
27
Gender differences in aerobic capacity
Males > females both pre and post puberty even after size correction Mght even decrease in females
28
Possible factors in sex differences in aerobic capacity
``` Muscle mass (boys > girls) SV (boys > girls) % fat post pubertal Lower Hb in females Cultural differences ```
29
Ethnicity differences - Aerobic Capacity
culture can play a factor | SES
30
Aerobic Reserve
Children have lower movement economy | Higher O2 cost for a given task
31
Why higher O2 cost for given task
Extraneous movements - using extra muscles and overrecruiting a lot Anthrpometric diff. - limb length, BSA to mass ratio, Inc stride freqency and dec stride length
32
At any given speed, children work
closer to their max capacity
33
Aerobic training ___ VO2 max in children and adolescents
Increases
34
Children and magnitude of training effect
CHildren are more resistant to adaptation - the effect is smaller (5-10% vs 15-25% in adults)
35
Anaerobic Capability | Short Duration Muscle Power Output
Children poor at it compared to adolescents and adults | In adole = M > F
36
Metabolic Response with Anaerobic Capacity
Lower muscle and blood lactate after max exercise Smaller pH drop Lower intramuscular glycogen slower rate of glycolysis
37
Overall ____ anaerobic capabilities in children and adolescents
lower
38
Exercise Recovery
Children recover faster following high intensity exercise | Likely related to better oxidative capabilities
39
Muscle strength
Inc age --> Inc size --> Inc strength
40
Age effect muscle strength
Inc strength across age is greater than can be accounted for inc in size alone Effect is present in both children and adolescents because of better recruitment Inc in type II fibers overtime
41
What is the something else?
Neurological component | better at coordinating movement
42
Muscle strength - Gender differences
Most studies indicate that boys = girls even after adjusting for body size Adolescents = boys > girls
43
Other gender differences in muscle strength - Muscle Fiber Diameter
``` Muscle fiber diameter - Girls Inc 3.5 X - Boys Inc 4.5 X Girls peak in early adolescence Boys peak in adulthood ```
44
Other gender differences in muscle strength - Muscle mass
Boys > girls by age 6 to 7 (absolute and relative) Sex differences get larger with age Larger in upper body vs lower body
45
Muscle strength training
children are capable of significant strength gains Avoid 1-RM to avoid damage to growth plate 1-3 sets, 6-15 reps, 2-3x week Focus on proper form, not the amount of weight lifted
46
Activity and Growth
It is not clear whether activity or inactivity during development actually affects growth

FS Exam 6 (4 decks)

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