thermoregulation

Question 1

definition of thermoregulation

Answer 1

the process of maintaining the core body temperature at a nearly constant rate

Question 2

normothermia

Answer 2

normal body temperature
ranges between 36.5 - 37.2 degrees celcius (97.7-98.9)

Question 3

hypothermia

Answer 3

body temperature below 36.2 C (97.1)

Question 4

hyperthermia

Answer 4

body temperature above 37.6 C (99.7)

Question 5

hyperpyrexia

Answer 5

extremely high body temperature above 41.5 C (106.7)

Question 6

Fever

Answer 6

elevation in body temperature due to a change in the hypothetical set point

Question 7

temperature control

Answer 7

• Mediated by the hypothalamus through neural and hormonal control
• Negative feedback system that reverses or opposes a change in a controlled condition

Question 8

what word also means fever

Answer 8

pyrexia

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

controls body temperature

Question 10

where is the greatest amount of heat produced

Answer 10

muscle and liver

Question 11

heat loss:

Answer 11

-radiation
-conduction
-convection
-evaporation
-diaphoresis

Question 12

radiation

Answer 12

transfer of heat from one surge to another through indirect contact

Question 13

conduction

Answer 13

trader of heat from one object to another through direct contact

Question 14

convection

Answer 14

transfer of heat from air movement

Question 15

evaporation

Answer 15

transfer of heat when liquid is evaporated to gas

Question 16

diaphoresis

Answer 16

sweating

Question 17

Populations at risk for thermoregulation problems

Answer 17

• Infants especially premature (have underdeveloped thermoregulation; can produce what they need but cannot conserve the heat) Cannot speak that they are hot/cold
• Older adults 75 and up(reduced perception of heat and cold; diminished regulation
• Low socioeconomic status (clothing and shelter)
• Homeless (hyper and hypo; clothing and shelter)

Question 18

Individual risk factors

Answer 18

• Impaired cognition (react appropriately to being hot/cold)
• Under the influence of drugs or alcohol (everything is altered; sensory, judgment and alcohol being a vasodilator)
• Heart failure & diabetes: (hypo because not moving around and not creating heat)
• malnourishment
• Traumatic brain injury
• environmental exposure

Question 19

Afebrile

Answer 19

WBC sky rocket when fever breaks

Question 20

hyperthermia is…

Answer 20

overload of mechanisms (not necessarily from infection)
- warm flushed skin; diaphoretic; dry skin and mucus membranes; seizures; decreased urinary output; confused; increased heart rate

Question 21

hypothermia

Answer 21

intention in surgery; unintentional cold temperatures outside
- (low and slow) slow capillary refill; low heart rate; low respirations; shivers; vasoconstriction; loss of memory; low blood pressure

Question 22

If a person is in hypothermia for too long it can lead to

Answer 22

reduced perfusion; coagulation; and ekg changes

Question 23

fever is a

Answer 23

normal reaction of the body and can be brought down with tylenol

Question 24

hyperthermia is

Answer 24

not a normal reaction by the body and cannot be brought down with tylenol

Question 25

Primary preventions

Answer 25

• avoid exposure to temperature extremes
• maintain the optimal ambient temperature in the home
• dress appropriately for the temperature
• engage in physical activity appropriate to temperature conditions

Question 26

Intervention for hyperthermia

Answer 26

• remove excess clothing and blankets
• provide external cool packs
• provide a cooling blanket
• hydrate with cool fluids (oral or intravenous)
• lavage with cool fluids
• administer antipyretic drug therapy

Question 27

interventions for hypothermia

Answer 27

• remove the person from cold
• provide external warming measures
• provide internal warming measures
• rewarm slowly to prevent any cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 28

Fever

Answer 28

immune system fighting something off

Question 29

malignant hyperthermia

Answer 29

it is a severe reaction to certain drugs used for anesthesia; causes hyperthermia, rapid heart rate, etc.
- hyper metabolic disorder and it is inherited

Question 30

Factors affecting body temperature

Answer 30

Age; exercise; hormone levels; circadian rhythm( temp lowest at 1-4am); stress; environment

Question 31

You have delegated vital signs to assistive personnel. The assistant informs you that the patient has just finished a bowl of hot soup. The nurse’s most appropriate advice would be to:
A. take a rectal temperature.
B. take the oral temperature as planned.
C. advise the patient to drink a glass of cold water.
D. wait 30 minutes and take an oral temperature.

Answer 31

D. wait 30 min and take an oral temperature

Question 32

You notice that a teenager has an irregular pulse. The best action you should take includes:
A. reading the history and physical.
B. assessing the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute.
C. auscultating for strength and depth of pulse.
D. asking whether the patient feels any palpitations or faintness of breath.

Answer 32

B assessing the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute

Question 33

A postoperative patient is breathing rapidly. You should immediately:
A. call the physician.
B. count the respirations.
C. assess the oxygen saturation.
D. ask the patient if he feels uncomfortable.

Answer 33

C. assess the oxygen saturation