Pain Management

Question 1

what is pain

Answer 1

Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does

Question 2

Pain management should be

Answer 2

patient centered with nurses prattling patient advocacy, empowerment, compassion, and respect

Question 3

Physiology of pain

Answer 3

• transduction
• transmission
• perception
• modulation

Question 4

idiopathic pain

Answer 4

no idea what is causing the pain but it is there all the time

Question 5

chronic episodic pain

Answer 5

occurs piratically and can last hours, day, or months
- ex. migrants, cancer pains, MS

Question 6

Physiological factors influencing pain

Answer 6

• age
• fatigue (stressed/tired have more influence on the amount of pain felt)
• Genes (pain tolerance can be genetic)
• neurological functions (being able to process pain and/or verbalize pain)

Question 7

Social factors influencing pain

Answer 7

• previous experiences
• family and social network (good family/social support have a higher pain tolerance)
• spiritual factors

Question 8

Pain is not inevitable to aging and pain perception does not decrease with age

Question 9

Elders experience pain the same way; may be altered with altzheimers or dementia

Question 10

Psychological factors influencing pain

Answer 10

• attention
• anxiety and fear (fear increases pain and decreases pain tolerance)
• coping style
• increased attention= increased pain (USE distractions)

Question 11

Factors impacted by pain

Answer 11

• quality of life
• self-care
• work
• social support
• ADL’s may also be affected

Question 12

ABC’s

Answer 12

ask, believe, choose the best options, deliver care and options, empower to speak up and advocate for themselves

Question 13

characteristics of pain

Answer 13

• onset
• duration
• pattern

Question 14

Nonverbal pain

Answer 14

• frowning
• guarding
• limping
• crying
• restless
• agitated

Question 15

Pain scales

Answer 15

• numerical rating scale
• verbal descriptive scale
• visual analog scale
• Wong-baker faces pain rating scale

Question 16

Characteristics of pain

Answer 16

• quality
• aggravating and precipitating factors
• reliefs measures

Question 17

Concomitant symptoms

Answer 17

So much pain that can cause nausea, dizzy, headache

Question 18

Nociceptive pain

Answer 18

normal pain (wound, fracture)
something that can be seen

Question 19

neuropathic pain

Answer 19

nerve or neurological related pain (numbness, tingling)
Cannot be seen

Question 20

Mixed pain

Answer 20

Both nocieceptive and neuropathic pain
can also include cancer pain

Question 21

Somatic

Answer 21

throbbing and localized to one spot; coming from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue

Question 22

Visceral

Answer 22

Not always localized and comes from organs

Question 23

• Individuals who are unable to communicate are at risk for experiencing pain and have poor pain management

Question 24

Behavioral signs of pain

Answer 24

• facial expressions
• restlessness
• changes in activity
• crying
• assessment tool

Question 25

When a smiling and cooperative patient complains of discomfort, nurses caring for this patient often harbor misconceptions about the patient's pain. Which of the following is true? A. Chronic pain is psychological in nature. B. Patients are the best judges of their pain. C. Regular use of narcotic analgesics leads to drug addiction. D. Amount of pain is reflective of actual tissue damage.

Answer 25

B. patients are the best judges of their pain

Question 26

Nonpharmacological pain-relief interventions

Answer 26

- distraciton - music - cutaneous stimulation - herbals - reducing pain perception and reception - massage - splinting - repositioning - guided imagery

Question 27

what are transdermal patches used for

Answer 27

they are not used for acute pain; chronic pain only

Question 28

If patient is numb in a certain area: do not apply cold or heat due to not being able to feel it

Question 29

Breakthrough cancer pain

Answer 29

can be spontaneous or triggered 3 types: - incident pain (predictable certain behavior) - end of dose failure pain ( occurs at the end of the dose; about to be due for another) - spontaneous pain ( pain that is unpredictable and not related to anything)

Question 30

WHO three step analgesic ladder

Answer 30

start with NSAIDS, then weaker opioids, then strong opioids and NSAIDS, and then PCA pumps and narcotics

Question 31

A patient has just undergone an appendectomy. When discussing with the patient several pain-relief interventions, the most appropriate recommendation would be: A. adjunctive therapy. B. nonopioids. C. NSAIDs. D. PCA pain management.

Answer 31

D. PCA pain management

Question 32

Palliative care:

Answer 32

managing symptoms of a terminal illness(no cure) and still living their life

Question 33

hospice

Answer 33

end of life; comfort

Question 34

A postoperative patient is using PCA. You will evaluate the effectiveness of the medication when: A. you compare assessed pain w/baseline pain. B. body language is incongruent with reports of pain relief. C. family members report that pain has subsided. D. vital signs have returned to baseline.

Answer 34

A. you compare assessed pain with baseline pain

Question 35

Physiological consequences of untreated pain: endocrine response

Answer 35

excessive amount of hormones can be released; increase hormones causing weight loss and tachycardia

Question 36

Physiological consequences of untreated pain: respiratory response

Answer 36

decrease in functional lung capacity; pneumonia

Question 37

Physiological consequences of untreated pain: physical functioning

Answer 37

gi system, joints, and skin integrity from being immobile

Question 38

psychosocial consequences of untreated pain

Answer 38

- fear - anger - depression - anxiety - difficulty maintaining relationships