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Exercise Lab > Thermoregualtion > Flashcards

Thermoregualtion Flashcards

1
Q

Thermoregulation definition

A

Physiological or behavioral responses by which organisms regulate body temperature.

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2
Q

Endothermic species

A

Warm their tissues from metabolic heat production (mammals)

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3
Q

Ectothermic species

A

Depend on external environment for warming

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4
Q

What changes in core body temp can be fatal?

A

Increase in core temp by 5 degrees Celsius or reductions in core temp by 10 degrees Celsius

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5
Q

Core temperature definition

A

The temperature often measured by recitals oral, axillary, tympanic or temporal temperatures.

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6
Q

How is esophageal temperature measured?

A

By inserting a thermistor through the nose into the esophagus

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7
Q

How is gastrointestinal temperature measured

A

Can be measured using an ingestible pill sensor

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8
Q

What is normal core temperature

A

Around 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees F)

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9
Q

What can caused Core temp variation in individuals?

A

Circadian variation and menstrual phases in females

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10
Q

When does stage 1 hypothermia occur?

A

At or below 35 degrees Celsius

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11
Q

Signs of hypothermia

A

Shivering, loss of limb movement, blueness in the skin, and confusion.

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12
Q

What core temperature is deemed a medical emergency?

A

32 degrees Celsius; delirium, hallucinations and sleepiness

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13
Q

What can happen at 24- 26 Celsius temps?

A

Respiratory and cardiac arrest may occur

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14
Q

What physiological responses occur for increases in core temp?

A

Increases in sweat rate, heart rate, and breathing rate.

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15
Q

When does heat exhaustion and heat stork occur

A

At temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius; death is certain at 45 degrees

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16
Q

Convection

A

Body heat is lost to surrounding air which becomes warmer, rises and is replaced with cooler air

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17
Q

Radiation

A

Body heat is lost to nearby objects without physically touching them

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18
Q

Evaporation

A

Body heat causes perspiration which is lost from the body surface when changed from liquid to vapor

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19
Q

Conduction

A

Body heat is lost to nearby objects through direct physical touch

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20
Q

When the environment is cooler than the body how will heat be lost?

A

Via radiation, conduction and convection.

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21
Q

As environmental temperature increases how is heat loss

A

More from evaporative heat loss than the other three

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22
Q

What happens when the environment temp exceeds body temp?

A

The thermal gradient for conduction, convection and radiation is reversed and the body gains heat form these mechanisms so evaporation is the only mechanism for heat loss

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23
Q

How is the capacity for evaporative heat loss affected?

A

By the environment, primarily via humidity and ambient temperature.

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24
Q

What happens as humidity and ambient temperature increase?

A

The maximal capacity for evaporative heat loss decreases. Humidity near 100% and temp at 30 degrees Celsius or above

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25
Q

Wet bulb globe temperature index

A

WBGT= 0.7(Tw) + 0.2 (Tg) + 0.1(Td)

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26
Q

What is Tw in the WBGT index?

A

The temp of the wet bulb which is influenced by the level of humidity

27
Q

What is Tg in the WBGT index?

A

The temperature of the black globe which measures radiant heat

28
Q

What is Td in the WBGT index?

A

The actual ambient air temperature indicated by the dry bulb

29
Q

How are most energy transformation during metabolism lost

A

Lost as heat

30
Q

What happens to heat produced that is not lost

A

It is stored in body tissues and this will raise body temperature

31
Q

Body heat gain during exercise

A

Heat produced - heat lost

32
Q

Does the body always lose heat through all 4 mechanisms of heat transfer.

A

No not all 4 at once

33
Q

Body mass loss during exercise can occur from which of the following mechanisms?

A

Sweat loss; metabolic mass loss; respiratory water loss; urinary water loss

34
Q

Calculate the amount of energy lost to heat (kcal): total kcal produced 100 kcal; cycling efficiency 20%

A

80 kcal

35
Q

What is choosing to prepare for competition in hot weather by training outside called

A

Acclimatization

36
Q

Why does exercising plus heat stress reduce plasma volume more than exercise alone?

A

Increasing amount of sweat to cool the body will decrease plasma volume

37
Q

Specific heat of the body

A

Refers to the amount of heat required to raise body temperature by 1 degree Celsius

38
Q

What is the specific heat in humans?

A

0.83 kcal/kg body mass

39
Q

Specific heat formula

A

(0.83 (kcal/kg)) x (body mass (kg))

40
Q

What influences changes in plasma volume

A

Alterations in total body water AND the distribution of water between the intravascular, interstitial and intercellular compartments

41
Q

What influences dehydration

A

The loss of body water only

42
Q

What is responsible for the majority of water loss

A

Sweat loss

43
Q

Assuming that sweat is the only mechanism for water loss, how do we calculate sweat loss

A

Body mass change following exercise

44
Q

What is metabolic mass loss from

A

O2/CO2

45
Q

Total sweat loss equation

A

Totally body mass loss - MML - RWL - UWL

46
Q

At a constant absolute intensity, heat stress effects time to exhaustion how?

A

It reduces time to exhaustion

47
Q

What is the brains role in heat stress

A

Brain reduces neuromuscular drive at high core temperatures to reduce metabolic heat production and prevent high temperatures in the body

48
Q

Heat stress response

A

Elevates HR, reduces stroke volume, reduces plasma and blood volume, requires dramatic increase in skin blood flow

49
Q

Acclimatization

A

Refers to adaptations resulting from changes in the natural environment

50
Q

Acclimation

A

Adaptations resulting from exposures produced in a controlled lab setting

51
Q

What results from heat acclimatization/acclimation?

A

Increase in plasma volume; earlier onset of sweating; higher sweat rate; reduced salt loss in sweat; reduced skin blood flow; increased synthesis of heat shock proteins

52
Q

What do the physiological adaptations in acclimatization/acclimation result in

A

Reduced heart rates and a lower core temperature

53
Q

What is the benefit of having an increased plasma volume with acclimatization/acclimation?

A

Increasing sweating capacity, increases stroke volume, maintains blood volume and allows the body to store more heat without increasing core temp.

54
Q

What is the benefit of having an earlier onset of sweating with acclimatization/acclimation?

A

Allows the body to dissipate heat more quickly and reduce heat storage.

55
Q

What is the benefit of reducing the loss of sodium in sweat with acclimatization/acclimation?

A

Minimizes Electrolyte loss

56
Q

What is the benefit of an increase in synthesis of heat shock proteins with acclimatization/acclimation?

A

They protect cells from heat damage so they increase stress protection to cells

57
Q

What is the evaporative heat loss equation?

A

Energy lost as heat x energy lost through evaporation

58
Q

What is the swear rate equation (knowing VO2 and evaporative heat loss)?

A

Sweat rate= VO2 x evaporative heat loss (decimal) x 1ml sweat/0.580 kcal

59
Q

Given the energy lost as heat, how do you calculate the KCal as heat

A

Kcal as heat (kcal/min) = VO2 x energy lost as heat (decimal)

60
Q

How do you go from kcal as heat to kcal lost to (RCC) radiation, convection and conduction?

A

Kcal as heat x rcc loss (decimal)

61
Q

How do you calculate total heat produced in kcal

A

(Kcal as heat - kcal as RCC - kcal as sweat) x duration

62
Q

Body temperature increase equation

A

Kcal increase Kcal / heat required to raise body temperature 1 degree Celsius

63
Q

Calculate sweat rate assuming all was lost due to sweat. Initial weight 52.66; final weight 52.62; time 40 min

A

(Pre exercise mass-post exercise mass/ duration) x (1000g/1kg) x (1g/1ml)= 1

64
Q

RER

A

CO2/O2

Exercise Lab (7 decks)

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