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Exercise Lab > Graded Exercise > Flashcards

Graded Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common measurements for all GXT procedures

A

Cardiac electrical conduction through 12-lead ECG’s, RPE, O2 consumption, blood pressure

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2
Q

How is blood pressure measured

A

BP= sBP/ dBP

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3
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

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4
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure in the arteries when the heart is filling between beats.

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5
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between diastolic and systolic pressures (PP= sBP-dBP)

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6
Q

What is healthy blood pressure defines as

A

Less than 120/80 mmHg

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7
Q

Why does blood pressure change during age

A

Blood pressure rises steadily with age due to arterial stiffness and plaque buildup

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8
Q

Mean arterial pressure represents

A

The average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle

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9
Q

Why is MAP important

A

It determines the rate of blood flow through the vasculature

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10
Q

MAP equation

A

MAP= dBP + 1/3PP

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11
Q

Why is map calculated like this?

A

The heart is in Diastole (relaxation) for 2/3rd of the cardiac cycle at rest

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12
Q

What happens to MAP measurement during exercise?

A

The MAP measurement loses accuracy because the heart is in systole (contraction) for a greater relative amount of time compared to at rest.

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13
Q

How is MAP determined centrally in exercise?

A

By cardiac output

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14
Q

How is MAP determined peripherally during exercise

A

By total peripheral resistance

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15
Q

What is the MAP equation for exercise

A

MAP= Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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16
Q

How is total peripheral resistance calculated?

A

It is the sum of all the blood flow in the vasculature

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17
Q

What influences blood pressure

A

Anything that changes cardiac output or total peripheral resistance; increasing either will increase BP

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18
Q

What is the main cause for blood pressure increasing during exercise?

A

There is a large increase in cardiac output due to elevated heart rate, left ventricular contractibility, and increased preload

19
Q

How does stroke volume compensate to decrease after load (MAP)

A

Increase in stroke volume more than increasing BP will decreases map

20
Q

What causes increases in after load during exercise?

A

Vasodi;atop of arterials supplying blood to active muscles

21
Q

What is the net result of exercise on blood pressure?

A

Increase in systolic BP due to increased cardiac output while diastolic BP is relatively unchanged due to vasodilation

22
Q

How are individuals categorized in the GXT assessment

A

Based on age, known disease, and risk factors

23
Q

What levels need supervision or a medical exam prior to the GXT

A

Moderate risk individuals must undergo a medical exam prior; High risk individuals must be supervised by a physician during testing as well as undergo a medical exam prior

24
Q

What happens prior to the GXT exam for all participants

A

Resting heart rate and blood pressure values are recorded.

25
Q

When is the GXT stopped

A

It can be stoped at either a predetermined point or if the physician or participant decides to its necessary to terminate

26
Q

How is the speed set for the GXT?

A

70-80% of the age predicted hr max

27
Q

How long is each GXT stage?

A

2 minutes

28
Q

How much does the treadmill increase per stage

A

2%

29
Q

When is it safe to stop supervision of the subject

A

HR around 100 bpm

30
Q

Why are GXT’s useful in determining cardiovascular health

A

It measures changes in BP and cardiac function so it identifies abnormalities during exercise. Many cardiovascular and physical abnormalities do not become apparent until the body is stressed

31
Q

What changes in cardiac function occur during graded exercise?

A

Linear increase in Hr to max, linear increase in stroke volume until certain intensity

32
Q

When does stroke volume plateau

A

At approximately 50 % in untrained individuals and at greater intensities in trained individual. SV may not even plateau in highly trained individuals

33
Q

What trend does cardiac output follow during GXT?

A

Cardiac output increases greatly at first and then less as stroke volume plateaus

34
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Indication of the hearts ability to function normally under increased myocardial oxygen demand.

35
Q

What changes the tempo of the QRS complex during exercise

A

Changes in heart rate caused by altered action potential duration, conduction velocity, and contractile velocity

36
Q

What is the most common sign of myocardial ischemia (reduced blood flow) during a GXT

A

ST segment depression in an ECG

37
Q

aerobic training effect on resting and submaximal HR

A

Aerobic training decreases resting and submaximal blood pressure and TPR

38
Q

What changes at maximal heart rate

A

Diastolic pressure may change but systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure do not change at max

39
Q

What is the range for elevated blood pressure

A

120-129/ <80

40
Q

What is the range for hypertension stage 1

A

130-139/80-90

41
Q

What is the range for stage 2 hypertension?

A

140+/90+

42
Q

What is the range for hypertension crisis

A

180+/120+

43
Q

What is used to indicate the heart’s ability to function normally under increased myocardial oxygen demand?

A

Electrocardiogram

44
Q

What impacts blood pressure reading

A

Cuff to small or over clothing; back/ feet unsupported or legs crossed; Not resting 3-5 min prior; patient talking labored breathing; full bladder; pain; arm below or above heart level

Exercise Lab (7 decks)

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