Thermodynamics Vocab

Question 1

Calorimetry

Answer 1

the science of measuring heat flow

Question 2

Endothermic

Answer 2

refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows into the system

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

the capacity to do work or to cause heat flow

Question 4

Enthalpy

Answer 4

a property of a system equal to E + PV, where E is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system and V is the volume of the system. At constant pressure the change in enthalpy equals the energy flow as heat

Question 5

Exothermic

Answer 5

refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows out of the system (6.1)

Question 6

Fossil fuel

Answer 6

coal, petroleum, or natural gas; consists of carbon based molecules derived from
decomposition of once living organisms

Question 7

Greenhouse effect

Answer 7

A warming effect exerted by the earth’s atmosphere (particularly CO2 and H2O)
due to thermal energy retained by absorption of infrared radiation

Question 8

Heat

Answer 8

energy transferred between two objects due to a temperature difference between them

Question 9

Heat capacity

Answer 9

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius (6.2)

Question 10

Hess’s law

Answer 10

in going from a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the enthalpy
change is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps; in summary,
enthalpy is a state function

Question 11

Internal energy

Answer 11

a property of a system that can be changed by a flow of work, heat, or both; E = q + w, where, E is the change in the internal energy of the system, q is heat, and w is work

Question 12

Kinetic energy

Answer 12

½mv2 energy due to the motion of an object; dependent on the mass of the object and the square of its velocity

Question 13

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 13

energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be
created nor destroyed

Question 14

Molar heat capacity

Answer 14

the energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius

Question 15

Potential energy

Answer 15

energy due to position or composition

Question 16

Specific heat capacity

Answer 16

the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Question 17

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

Answer 17

the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound at 25°C from its elements, with all substances in their standard states at that temperature.

Question 18

Standard State

Answer 18

Standard state reference for a specific substance defined according to a set of conventional definitions. This is the most stable variable of an element

Question 19

State Function (property)

Answer 19

a property that is independent of the pathway

Question 20

Surroundings

Answer 20

everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system

Question 21

Synthetic Gas

Answer 21

a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, obtained by coal gasification

Question 22

System (thermodynamics)

Answer 22

that part of the universe on which attention is to be focused

Question 23

Thermodynamics

Answer 23

the study of energy and its interconversions

Question 24

Work

Answer 24

force acting over a distance

Question 25

First Law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

the energy of the universe is constant; same as the law of conservation
of a liquid

Question 26

Friction Heating

Answer 26

Energy transferred to a surface through movement, heating it slightly