Gas and Solution Vocab Flashcards
(49 cards)
Acid rain
a result of air pollution by sulfur dioxide
Air pollution
= contamination of the atomosphere, mainly by the gaseous products of transportation and
production of electricity
atmosphere
= the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth’s surface
avagadro’s law
= equal volume of gasses at the same temperature and pressure contain the same
number of particles
Barometer
a device for measuring atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s law
= the volume of a given sample of gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the
pressure
Charl’es Law
= the volume of a given sample of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the
temperature in kelvins
Coagulation
= the destruction of a colloid by causing particles to aggregate and settle out
Colligative properties
= properties of a solution that depend only on the number, and not on the
identity, of the solute particles
Colloid
a suspension of particles in a dispersing medium
Dalton’s law of partial pressure
= for a mixture of gases in a container, the total pressure exerted is the
sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone
Desalination
the removal of dissolved salts from an aqueous solution
Dialysis
a phenomenon in which a semipermeable membrane allows transfer of both solvent
molecules and small solute molecules and ions
Diffusion
= the mixing of gases
Effusion
the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evaluated chamber
Graham’s Law of Effusion
the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the
mass of its particles
Heat of hydration
= the enthalpy change associated with placing gaseous molecules or ions in water; the
sum of the energy needed to expand the solvent and the energy released from the solvent-solute
interaction
Heat of solution
= the enthalpy change associated with dissolving a solute in a solvent; the sum of the
energies needed to expand both solvent and solute in a solution and the energy release from the
solvent-solute solution
Henry’s law
= the amount of a gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the pressure of the
gas above the solution
Ideal gas law
an equation of state for a gas, where the state of the gas is its condition at a given time;
this equation expresses behavior approached by real gases at high T and low P
Ideal Solution
a solution whose vapor pressure is directly pro-portional to the mole fraction of solvent
present
Ion paring
a phenomenon occurring in solution when oppositely charged ions aggregate and behave as a single particle
Isotonic solutions
solutions having identical osmotic pressure
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KTM)
a model that assumes that an ideal gas is composed of tiny particles
(molecules) in constant motion.
