Thermodynamics Flashcards
The collision of atoms with a surface gives rise to _.
Pressure
The kinetic energy of atoms is directly proportional to _.
Temperature
Generally objects are bigger when they are _ because atoms are vibrating faster.
Hotter
Number of atoms v. kinetic energy, then _ means colder.
Closer
Objects transfer energy from hot to cold because of the conservation of _ (net heat transfer).
Momentum
Molecules of hot objects tend to collide and transfer more _ because they are moving faster.
Energy
When two objects have the same _, they are in thermal equilibrium and the net hear transfer between them is _ but there is still heat transfer.
Temperature, 0
Energy must be transferred in order to be called _.
Heat
_ _ is the sum of the energies of all of the molecules in a substance.
Internal energy
_ is related to the average kinetic energy per molecule of a substance.
Temperature
Two bodies that have the same temperature do not necessarily contain the same amount of _ _ because it depends on the amount of molecules moving around too.
Internal energy
There can be two bodies with different _ that have the same internal energy.
Temperature
Work per time
Power
The three physical methods of heat transfer are _, _, and _.
Conduction, convection, and radiation
_ is the physical transfer of atomic vibration energy from atom to atom.
Conduction
Properties that affect heat transfer are _ _ (metals are higher), change in _, _ _ _, and _.
Thermal conductivity, temperature, cross sectional area, length
_ is the transfer of thermal energy by fluid flow.
Convection
When a fluid is _, it is less dense and will rise because it increases in size.
Hot
_ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
Molecules move in _ random motion.
Continous
There are _ _ of molecules in a container of gas.
A lot
The _ between individual molecules is large.
Separation
