Thermodynamics

Question 1

zeroth law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

transitive properties in thermal systems: if a=b and b=c, then a=c

Question 2

temperature

Answer 2

physical property based on the average kinetic energy of its particles

Question 3

heat

Answer 3

transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object with higher temperature to a colder object with lower temperature

Question 4

thermal equilibrium

Answer 4

if no heat flows between two objects

Question 5

absolute zero

Answer 5

theoretical temperature at which there is no thermal energy

Question 6

third law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

entropy of a perfectly-organized crystal at absolute zero is zero

Question 7

temperature conversions

Answer 7

F=(9/5)C+32

K=C+273

Question 8

linear thermal expansion equation

Answer 8

ΔL=αLΔT

where L is length and alpha is coefficient of linear expansion

Question 9

volume thermal expansion equation

Answer 9

ΔV=βVΔT

where B is the coefficient of volumetric expansion

Question 10

isolated systems

Answer 10

not capable of exchanging energy or matter with their surroundings

Question 11

closed systems

Answer 11

capable of exchanging energy, but not matter, with their surroundings

Question 12

open system

Answer 12

exchange both matter and energy with the environment

Question 13

state function

Answer 13

thermodynamic properties that are a function of only the current equilibrium state of a system
-pressure, density, temperature, volume, enthalpy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy and entropy

Question 14

process functions

Answer 14

describe the path taken to get from one state to another; work and heat

Question 15

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 15

states that the change in the total internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy transferred in the form of heat to the system, minus the amount of energy transferred from the system in the from of work

Question 16

change of internal energy

Answer 16

ΔU=Q-W
Where U is the change in the systems internal energy, Q is the energy transferred into the system as heat and W is the work done by the system

Question 17

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 17

objects in thermal contact and not in thermal equilibrium will exchange heat energy such that the object with a higher temperature will give off heat energy to the object with lower temperature until they are in equilibrium

Question 18

heat conversion

Answer 18

1 Cal=10^3cal=4184 J=3.97 BTU

Question 19

conduction

Answer 19

direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions

Question 20

convection

Answer 20

transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid over material; only liquid and gases

Question 21

radiation

Answer 21

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Question 22

specific heat

Answer 22

amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of the substance by one degree

Question 23

water specific heat

Answer 23

1 cal/g*K

Question 24

heat gain/loss equation

Answer 24

q=mcΔT
m=mass
c=specific heat
T=temperature change

Question 25

heat energy during phase change

Answer 25

q=mL
q is the amount of heat gained or lost
m is the mass
L is heat of transformation or latent heat

Question 26

isothermal process

Answer 26

constant temperature

Question 27

adiabatic process

Answer 27

no heat exchange

Question 28

isovolumetric/isochoric process

Answer 28

no change in volume

Question 29

isobaric process

Answer 29

occur at a constant pressure

Question 30

entropy

Answer 30

measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature

Question 31

entropy equation

Answer 31

ΔS=Q/T
S=change in entropy
Q=heat gained or lost in a reversible process
T=temperature in kelvin