Kinematic and Dynamics Flashcards
angstrom
10E-10 m
electron-volts
1.6E-19 J
vectors have ___ & ____
magnitude & direction
scalars have ____
only magnitude
resultant vector
the sum of two or more vectors
tip-to-tail method
way of determining resultant vector through a graph
Pythagorean Theorem
X^2+Y^2=V^2
vector subtraction
A-B=A+(-B)
vector multiplication
B=nA, where B is new v and A is old. Direction is determined by sign of n
dot product: generate scalar quantity from vectors
AB = absAabsBcosθ
cross product: generate vector such as torque
AB=absAabsB*sinθ
displacement (x or d)
change in position in space
distance (d)
scalar quantity
velocity (v)
rate of change of displacement
speed
rate of actual distance traveled
instantaneous velocity
v=lim(t app 0) Δx/ Δt
average velocity
v=Δx/ Δt
Force
a vector quantity experienced as pushing or pulling on an object
newton (N)
kg*m/s^2
Gravity
attractive force felt by all matter
gravitational force
GmM/r^2
friction
opposes the movement of objects
static friction (Fs)
0
normal force (N)
component of force between two objects in contact that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface upon which it rests
kinetic friction
Fk=UkN (Fk=kinetic friction, Uk=coefficient of kinetic friction and N=normal force)
Mass (m)
amount of matter in an objectq
Weight
mass*gravity
center of mass
defined as three coordinates:x,y,z
average acceleration
Δv/Δt
instantaneous acceleration
lim(t->0)Δv/Δt
Newton’s First Law, inertia
Fnet=ma=0; a body at rest or in motion w constant velocity will remain that way unless acted upon by a net force
Newton’s Second Law
Fnet=ma; An object of mass m will accelerate when the vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector
Newton’s Third Law
Fab= -Fba; to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Linear motion equations
Vf=Vi+at
x=Vit+.5at^2
Vf^2=Vi^2+2ax
x=vt
free fall
acceleration is equal to gravity
air resistance
opposes the motion of an object
drag force
objects in free fall experience this
terminal velocity
begins when drag force is equal in magnitude to weight of the object
projectile motion
motion that follows path along two dimensions
Vx and Vy in projectile motion
Vx changes at rate of g, Vx remains constant
Inclined planes
motion in two dimensions, parallel and perpendicular to plane
Components of inclined planes
Fgparallel= mgsinθ
Fgperpendicular=mgcosθ
uniform circular motion
instantaneous velocity vector is always tangent to circular path
centripetal force
points radially inward
centripetal acceleration
centripetal force generates this acceleration
Centripetal force equation
Fcent=mv^2/r
dynamics
study of force and torques
free body diagrams
diagram representation of forces
translational equilibrium
exists when vector sum of all forces is zero
rotational equilibrium
forces are applied against an object such that it rotates around a fixed pivot point
fulcrum
fixed pivot point
torque
generated by application of force some distance from the fulcrum
lever arm
distance between applied force and fulcrum
equation for torque
r*F=rFsinθ
rotational equilibrium
when vector sums of all torque acting on an object is zero
