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Chemistry > Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system

A

It is part of the universe used for thermodynamic study

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2
Q

What is surrounding

A

It is the remaining part of the universe around the system

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3
Q

What is an isothermal process

A

if temperature of system remains constant dyring various operations

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4
Q

What is adiabatic process

A

Process where there is no heat exchange between the system and surroundings in any step

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5
Q

What is isobaric process

A

The pressure during the process remains constant

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6
Q

What is isochoric process

A

It is when the volume of the system remains constant during the process

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7
Q

What is cyclic process

A

It is when the system returns to its original state after completing a series of steps

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8
Q

What is a reversible process

A

A process where each step is in an equilibrium state and can be reversed back to its original state

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9
Q

What is an irreversible process

A

A rapid process which does not allow the system to attain equilibrium at each state, thus is irreversible

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10
Q

What is internal energy

A

It is the total energy stored in a system in different forms like potential, chemical, etc.

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11
Q

What is zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

If two thermodynamic systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then the two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

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12
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

The total mass and energy of an isolated system remains unchanged
ΔU = heat added + work done

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13
Q

What is enthalpy

A

It is the total heat content of the system at constant pressure
H = U + PV

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14
Q

What is heat capacity

A

It is the heat required to raise the temperature of a body by 1K

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15
Q

What are the two types of heat capacity

A
  1. Constant volume - dU/dT
  2. Constant pressure - dH/dT
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16
Q

What is the enthalpy of reaction

A

It is the total amount of heat released or absorbed when the number of moles of the reactants reacts completely to form products in a balanced chemical equation

17
Q

What is the standard enthalpy of formation

A

The enthalpy when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their standard state

18
Q

What is enthalpy of solution

A

It is the heat change when one mole of a solute is dissolved in large excess of solved so that further dilution causes no heat change

19
Q

What is integral heat of solution

A

It is the enthalpy change when one mole of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

20
Q

What is inergral heat of dilution

A

It is the net change of enthalpy when a solution containing one mole of solute at a known concentration and diluted again by adding more solvent to get another concentration

21
Q

What is enthalpy of hydration

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of an anhydrous salt combines with water to form its hydrate

22
Q

What is enthalpy of neutralization

A

It is the enthalpy change when one gram of acid is neutralized by base or vice versa in their dilute forms

23
Q

What is enthalpy of combustion

A

It is the enthalpy change when one mole of substance undergoes complete combustion

24
Q

What is bond energy/enthalpy

A

It is the amount of energy required to break a bond between atoms in gaseous state

25
Q

What is a spontaneous

A

A process which can take place by itself without any external agent under a given set of conditions after a proper initiation

26
Q

What is a non spontaneous process

A

A process which has no tendency to occur by itself and requires an external force to be continuously supplied to take place

27
Q

What is driving force

A

The overall tendency for a reaction to take place by itself
D.F = resultant of energy factor and randomness factor

28
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics state

A

In a reversible process, the entropy of the system and surroundings together remains constant while in an irreversible process, the net entropy if the system and surroundings increase

29
Q

What is entropy

A

It is the measure of the disorder or randomness in a system

30
Q

What is helmholtz equation

A

A = U -TΔS

31
Q

What is Gibbs equation

A

G = H - TΔS

32
Q

What is Gibbs-helmholtz equation

A

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

33
Q

What is the third law of thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a perfectly crystalline solid at absolute zero is zero

34
Q

What is Hess’ law of constant heat summation

A

The enthalpy change during a chemical reaction is the same whether the reaction takes place in one or several steps

Chemistry (7 decks)

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