Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
It is the study of the interconversion of energy and the related changes in physical properties.
What is a thermodynamic system?
It is a part of our physical universe which is under observation.
What are the categories of a thermodynamic system?
Open, closed, and isolated systems.
What is an open system?
A system that permits the exchange of energy and matter with its surrounding.
What is a closed system?
A system that can only exchange energy (not matter) with its surrounding.
What is an isolated system?
A system which can neither trade matter nor energy with its surroundings.
Examples of a closed system?
A bottle of coke, a sachet of water, a closed but uninsulated water bottle.
Examples of an open system?
An open cup of tea, the human body, plant life, a cooking pot.
Examples of an isolated system?
A bomb calorimeter,
A vacuum flask,
A thermos bottle.
What are the properties of a thermodynamic system? (Explanation)
These are attributes of a system which are used to describe its state. They include EXTENSIVE and INTENSIVE properties.
What are intensive properties?
Properties that do not depend on the the mass (amount of substance) measured in a system. E.g: * Temperature
* Density
* Specific heat capacity
* Pressure
What are extensive properties?
They depend on the amount of substance (or the size) of a system. They are additive.
E.g.:
* Heat
* Heat capacity
* Mass
* Volume
What is Gibb’s free energy?
Gibbs free energy is the maximum work done in a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure.
What is the formula for Gibbs free energy that has temperature?
∆G = ∆H – T∆S
Where ∆S = entropy
∆H = enthalpy
And ∆G is measured in kj/mol
What value of Gibbs free energy signifies a spontaneous reaction?
∆G must be negative.
