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Chemistry (AS) > Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Bond Dissociation

A

Change in Enthalpy when 1 mol of gaseous molecules each break a covalent bond to form 2 free radicals

I2(g) -> 2I (g)
Endothermic

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2
Q

What is Enthalpy of Atomization

A

Change in Enthalpy when one mole of gaseous atoms are formed from an element in its standard states under standard conditions

1/2 I2(s)-> I(g)
Endothermic

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3
Q

What is 1st Ionisation Enthalpy

A

Enthalpy change when One mole of gaseous atoms converted into one mole of gaseous ions each with a single positive charge under standard conditions
Mg(g) ->Mg+ +e-
Endothermic

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4
Q

What is the 2nd ionisation energy

is it endo or exothermic

A

One mole of gaseous atoms with single positive charges converted into one mole of gaseous ions each with a +2 positive charge under standard conditions

Mg+(g) ->Mg2+ +e-
Endothermic

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5
Q

What is Enthalpy of Formation

Exo or Endo?

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mol of a compound is formed from its element in their standard states under standard conditions

2Na(s) +O2(g) -> Na2O(s)
Exothermic

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6
Q

What is Enthalpy of combustion

Exo or Endo?

A

The Enthalpy change when 1 mol of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions with all reactants and products are within their standard state.

H2(g) + O2(g) -> H2O(g)
Exothermic

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7
Q

what is the 1st electron affinity

Exo or Endo?

A

Enthalpy change when 1 mol of gaseous atoms is converted into one mole of gaseous ions with a single negative charge by each gaining an electron
I(g)+e- -> I-(g)
Exothermic

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8
Q

what is the 2nd electron affinity

A

Change in enthalpy when 1 mol of gaseous ions with single negative charges gain 1 e- to form a mol of gaseous ions each with a -2 charge

S-(g) +e- -> S2-(g)
Endothermic

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9
Q

what is Lattice Enthalpy of Formation

Exo or Endo?

A

Standard enthalpy change when 1 mol of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions under standard conditions
2Al3+(g) +3O2-(g) -> Al2O3(s)
Exothermic

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10
Q

What is Lattice Enthalpy of dissociation

A

Standard enthalpy change when 1 mol of an ionic compound is completely dissociated into its gaseous ions under standard conditions

MgBr2(s) -> Mg2+(g) +2Br- (g)

Endothermic

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11
Q

What is Standard enthalpy of Hydration

Exo or Endo?

A

The standard enthalpy change when water molecules surround 1 mol of gaseous ions
Exothermic
Na+(g) + (aq) -> Na+(aq)

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12
Q

What is Standard Enthalpy of Solution

A

The standard enthalpy change when one mole of solute completely dissolves in sufficient solvent, to form a solution in which no further enthalpy change takes place upon further dilution
NaCl(s) +(aq) -> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

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13
Q

Name then Enthalpy Change :

I2(g) -> 2I- (g)
Endothermic

A

Bond Dissociation

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14
Q

Name the enthalpy change:

1/2 I2(s)-> I(g)
Endothermic

A

Enthalpy of Atomisation

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15
Q

Name the Enthalpy Change:
Mg(g) ->Mg+ +e-
Endothermic

A

1st Ionisation Enthalpy

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16
Q

Name the Enthalpy Change:
Mg+(g)->Mg2+(g) +e-

A

2nd Ionisation Energy

17
Q

Name the Enthalpy Change:

2Na(s) +O2(g) -> Na2O(s)
Exothermic

A

Enthalpy of Formation

18
Q

Name the Enthalpy Change:

H2(g) + O2(g) -> H2O(g)
Exothermic

A

Enthalpy of Combustion

19
Q

What is Mean Bond Enthalpy?

A

Enthalpy Change when 1 mol f gaseous molecules each breaks a covalent bond to form two free radicals under standard conditions.
This value is averaged over a range of molecules.

20
Q

What is Entropy?

A

measure of disorder in a system

Number of ways energy can be shared between particles

More Disorder = Higher Entropy Levels

21
Q

What is Gibbs Free Energy?

A

usable energy that is available to do work
Indicates the feasibility of a reaction at a given temperature

22
Q

How do you calculate Enthalpy of Solution?

A

Lattice Dissociation Enthalpy + Sum of all Enthalpy of Hyrdation

23
Q

The Perfect Ionic Model States that:

A

1) Ions are perfectly Spherical
2) The Charge and electron density is Evenly Distributed

24
Q

A Larger Discrepancy in Theoretical Lattice Enthalpy Data shows

A

More covalent character in the molecule.

The positive ion distorts the charger distribution more which polarises the negative ion slightly

Higher Metal charges produce more discrepancy

25
Q

Explain why does the Enthalpy of hydration decrease as you go down group 1

A

As you go down the group the atomic radius decreases, less attractive forces between bonding electrons and nucleus.

Less strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and the delta negative constituents of the surrounding water molecules

Chemistry (AS) (16 decks)

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