Group 2 Flashcards
Explain the Melting point Trend in group 2 elements
-Generally Decrease as we go down the group
-Forms metallic Structures
-Size of metal ion increases but the number of delocalised electrons remain the same, and the charge of the nucleus also remains the same
-Larger ions means larger distances and weaker attraction between the nucleus and sea of delocalised electrons
- This means it is easier to break bonds hence less energy is required
What’s the exception with the group 2 melting point trend
Magnesium has the lowest melting point due to a structural difference compared with other group 2 metals
Explain the Trend in ionisation Energies in group 2
-Decreases as we go down the group
-As atomic radius increases, atoms with a larger radius attract electrons worse due to less attractive forces between the nucleus and the bonding electrons from increased distance
-More shielding present
-Both make it easier to remove an electron from the outer shell, hence less energy is needed
What are the Observations & Equations when Beryllium is reacted with cold water or steam
No observable Reaction
What are the Observations & Equations when magnesium is reacted with cold water or steam
Cold Water - Slow Reaction
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) —> Mg(OH)2 +H2(g)
Steam - Quicker Reaction
Mg(s) + H2O(g) —-> MGO + H2(g)
Produces a white powder
What are the Observations & Equations when Calcium is reacted with cold water or steam
Cold Water - Slow Reaction
Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) —>Ca(OH)2 +H2(g)
Steam - Quicker Reaction
Ca(s) + 2H2O(g) —-> Ca(OH)2 + H2(g)
Produces a white powder
What are the Observations & Equations when Strontium is reacted with cold water or steam
Cold Water - Slow Reaction
Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) —>Sr(OH)2 +H2(g)
Steam - Quicker Reaction
Sr(s) + 2H2O(g) —->Sr(OH)2 + H2(g)
Produces a white powder
What are the Observations & Equations when Barium is reacted with cold water or steam
Cold Water - Slow Reaction
Ba(s) + 2H2O(l) —>Ba(OH)2 +H2(g)
Steam - Quicker Reaction
Ba(s) + 2H2O(g) —->Ba(OH)2 + H2(g)
Produces a white powder
Explain the Group 2 Sulphates Solubility Trend
Magnesium- Soluble
Calcium- Slightly Soluble
Strontium- Insoluble
Barium- Insoluble
Explain the Group 2 Hyrdoxide Solubility Trend
Magnesium-Insoluble
Calcium- Slightly Soluble
Strontium- Soluble
Barium- Soluble
What is the Use for Calcium Carbonate?
Use of Calcium Carbonate or oxide can remove sulphur dioxide in gaseous emissions
Process called Wet Scrubbing (Alkali Neutralises Sulphur dioxide) -> Calcium Carbonate or oxide is dissolved in water and sprayed on acidic sulphur dioxide gas
Explain how you would Extract Titanium
- Active Metal Reduction
-Titanium ore (TIO2) is converted to Titanium (IV) Chloride by heating with carbon and chlorine gas - Titanium (IV) Chloride is passed through a fractional distillation column to increase the purity
- The Purified Titanium (IV) Chloride is reduced using magnesium in a 1000 Degree Furnace
TiCl4 + 2Mg —> Ti + 2MgCl2
What are the Desirable physical properties of Titanium
Strong
High melting point
Low Density
- no visible change with hydroxide
