Thermochemistry Flashcards
Thermochemistry
The study of the transfer of energy as heat occurring during a reaction
Heat
Energy transfer between two systems in contact because of a difference in temperature
Entropy
Measure of the dispersal of matter and energy (disorder)
Enthalpy
Heat exchange between two systems in contact
Endothermic
Heat absorbed or added by the system
Exothermic
Heat released or subtracted by the system
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Potential Energy
Energy stored in the bonds of a particle
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of a sample
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion of particles, depending on mass and velocity
Calorimeter
Apparatus for measuring the amount of heat involved in a chemical reaction
Specific Heat Capacity
The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature per unit mass
System
Area of the universe we are focused on in a reaction
Surroundings
Everything else/outside the reaction
Calorie
The amount of energy needed to warm 1 gram of water by 1°C
Energy
Ability to do work or produce heat
Solid to liquid
Increase in disorder (positive change in S)
Gas to solid
Decrease in disorder (negative change in S)
Calculating Heat/Specific Heat
q=mc∆t
Energy Diagram
A diagram that shows the amount of energy vs. reaction progress
Activated Complex/Transition Stage
State where old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming
Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy that reactants must have to form the activated complex and lead to a reaction
Activation Energy on Energy Diagram
Distance from reactants to the activated complex
Collision Theory
- Reactants must collide
- Reactants must have correct orientation
- Reactants must collide with enough energy to form an activated complex
