Periodic Law & Periodic Trends Flashcards
Proton/Electron Ratio
More protons = Stronger attractive force
Distance of Electrons from Protons
Closet to nucleus = Stronger pull
Electron Shielding
Completed energy levels shield outer electrons
Electron/Electron Repulsion
More electrons = Increased push away from each other
Atomic Radius/Atomic Size
Distance from nucleus to edge of electron cloud
How to Measure Atomic Radius
Distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms beside each other divided by 2
Atomic size generally ____ as you move down a group because you add ____.
Atomic size generally increases as you move down a group because you add energy levels.
Atomic size generally ____ as you move across a period because you add ____.
Atomic size generally decreases as you move across a period because you add protons.
Ionic Radius: If you lose electrons, the ion gets ____.
Ionic Radius: If you lose electrons, the ion gets smaller.
Ionic Radius: If you gain electrons, the ion gets ____.
If you gain electrons, the ion gets larger.
Ionization Energy (IE)
Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.
Electronegativity (EN)
Tendency for atoms of an element to attract electrons when they are chemically combined with another element.
Ionization energy ____ as you move down a group.
Ionization energy decreases as you move down a group.
Ionization energy ____ as you move across a period.
Ionization energy increases as you move across a period.
Electronegativity ____ as you move down a group.
Electronegativity decreases as you move down a group.
Electronegativity ____ as you move across a period.
Electronegativity increases as you move across a period.
Malleable
Easily bent into different shapes
Ductile
Able to be made into a thin wire
Conducts electricity
Can carry currents
Lustrous
Shiny
Properties of metal
Malleable, ductile, conductive, lustrous
s-block
First two columns of the periodic table plus Helium (1 & 2A)
p-block
Last six columns of the period table minus Helium (3-8A)
d-block
Middle ten columns of the periodic table (3-12B)
Halogens
Group 7A elements; they have 7 valence electrons
3 ways elements within a group are similar
Number of valence electrons, similar chemical properties, and oxidation number
Mendeleev’s periodic table was arranged by ____
Atomic mass
Mosely’s periodic table is the ____ periodic table and is arranged by ____
Mosely’s periodic table is the modern periodic table and is arranged by atomic number
Elements within a period have the same ____
Elements within a period have the same number of energy levels.
Cations
Ions with a positive charge that have lost an electron
Anions
Ions with a negative charge that have gained an electron
