Gas Laws

Question 1

Postulate 1 of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 1

Gases are tiny particles, far apart relative to their size.

Question 2

Postulate Two of Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 2

Gas particles are in continuous, rapid, random motion.

Question 3

Postulate Three of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 3

No attractive forces between molecules under normal conditions of pressure and temperature.

Question 4

Postulate Four of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 4

Collisions between gas particles and container walls are elastic.

Question 5

Postulate Five of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 5

Temperature of a gas depends on the average kinetic energy (K=1/2mv^2).

Question 6

Describe the relationship between pressure and volume.

Answer 6

Inversely related. Negative slope on a graph.

Question 7

Describe the relationship between pressure and temperature.

Answer 7

Directly proportional. Positive slope on a graph.

Question 8

Describe the relationship between volume and temperature.

Answer 8

Directly proportional. Positive slope on a graph.

Question 9

Boyle’s Law

Answer 9

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 10

Charles’ Law

Answer 10

V1T2 = V2T1

Question 11

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Answer 11

P1T2 = P2T1

Question 12

Combined Gas Law

Answer 12

P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

Question 13

Temperature at STP

Answer 13

0°C, 273 K

Question 14

Pressure at STP

Answer 14

1 atm, 101.32 kPa

Question 15

Avogadro’s Principle: Equal _____ of gases contain equal _____

Answer 15

Avogadro’s Principle: Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of moles

Question 16

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 16

PV = nRT

Question 17

Universal Gas Constant (R)

Answer 17

0.0821 atm(L)/mol(K) or 8.314 kPa(L)/mol(K)

Question 18

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

Answer 18

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. Ptotal = P1 + P2 + …

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

Spreading of gas molecules throughout a container until evenly distributed.

Question 20

Effusion

Answer 20

Passing of gas molecules through a tiny opening in a container.

Question 21

Graham’s Law of Diffusion/Effusion

Answer 21

Smaller mass results in a higher rate of effusion. Nearly identical masses have nearly identical rates of effusion.

Question 22

What is the conversion factor for kPa to atm?

Answer 22

101.32 kPa = 1 atm