Thermochemistry Flashcards
What is thermochemistry
The study of relations between CHEMICAL REACTIONS and ENERGY
What is MATTER
Anything having a MASS and occupying SPACE
How is MATTER classified
by its STATE (liquid, solid, gas) and its COMPOSITION (heterogeneous mixture, element, compound, etc.)
What is ENERGY
WORK of anything that can be produced by or converted into WORK
What are the two classifications of ENERGY
POTENTIAL and KINETIC
What is the formula for POTENTIAL ENERGY?
E(p) = mg(delta)h
What is the formula for KINETIC ENERGY?
E(k) = [mv^2]/2
What do E, v, m, g and h stand for?
E= energy, v=, m=, g=, h=.
How many JOULES is one CALORIE?
1CALORIE = 4.184 JOULES
What is the formula for ONE JOULE
kg*m^2/s^2
What are the forms of POTENTIAL ENERGY? (4)
Gravitational, Chemical, Nuclear, Electrical
What are the forms of KINETIC ENERGY? (2)
Motion, heat
What is the relation between a SYSTEM, a BOUNDARY and SURROUNDINGS?
the SYSTEM is limited by the BOUNDARY. Outside of the BOUNDARY, there are SURROUNDINGS.
What is an OPEN SYSTEM?
A SYSTEM that may exchange ENERGY and MATTER with SURROUNDINGS
What is a CLOSED SYSTEM?
A SYSTEM that may NOT exchange MATTER ONLY with SURROUNDINGS
What is an ADIABATIC SYSTEM?
A SYSTEM that may not exchange HEAT ONLY with SURROUNDINGS
What is an ISOLATED SYSTEM?
A SYSTEM that an not exchange HEAT nor MATTER with surroundings.
What is an ENDOTHERMIC PROCESS?
When there is ABSORPTION of ENERGY
What is an EXOTHERMIC PROCESS?
When there is a RELEASE of ENERGY
What is the formula for ENTHALPY?
(Delta)H = q(p)
What do q and p stand for?
q = enthalpy (J/mol or kJ/mol) and p = constant pressure
What INSTRUMENT is used to measure HEAT?
A CALORIMETER
What is CALORIMETRY
The measurement of HEAT FLOW
What is the sum of q’s always equal to?
Zero.
What system is a CALORIMETER and its CONTENTS?
An ADIABATIC SYSTEM
What is HEAT CAPACITY?
The amount of HEAT required to raise TEMPERATURE of a substance by 1K or 1C
What is the formula for HEAT CAPACITY?
C = q/(delta)T
What is the difference between HEAT CAPACITY and SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY?
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY is for a SPECIFIC AMOUNT (g) of substance while HEAT CAPACITY is for an OBJECT
What is the formula for SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY?
C = q/w(delta)T, w meaning weight (g)
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of a compound?
The ENTHALPY CHANGE after the formation of 1 MOLE at 25C and 1 ATM from the elements in their standard state.
What is the law of Lavoisier and Laplace
If we switch the sides of an equation, the enthalpy becomes the opposite sign.
What is the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction ?
q = n(delta)h, n meaning number of moles.
What is the delta H of any element equal to ?
Zero.
