Thermo/States of Matter Flashcards
Thermal Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy when particles collide
Thermal Equilibrium
State in which the rates of thermal energy transfer between two objects are equal and the objects are at the same temperature
Specific Heat
Amount of energy needed to add to a material to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one temperature unit
Heat Engine
A device that is able to continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy
Heat
A transfer of thermal energy
Entropy
A measure of the dispersal of energy
Fluids
Materals that can flow and have no definite shape of their own
Plasma
A gas-like state of (-) charged electrons and (+) charged ions. Another state of matter
Where is plasma found?
Stars, lighting bolts, neon signs, and fluorescent bulbs
What is the heat equation
Q=mCdeltaT
What is the unit for Q
Joules
What is the unit for m
kg
What is the unit for C
J/kg x k
What is the unit for Delta T
Kelvin
What is the equation for pressure
P=Force/area
What is P written in
Pascals (Pa)
What is area written in
m^2
What is different between the heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization
Heat of Fusion is the transition between the freezing and melting point and Heat of Vaporization is the transition from liquid to vaporization and back
Convection
Heating caused by the motion of fluid in liquid or gas due to temperature differences (Oven)
Radiation
Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (Sun)
Conduction
Heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference in temperature. Travel through a medium
When was the first steam engine built
the 18th century
When does entropy increase
When there’s more heat (temp increase)
What happens to entropy in a system if thermal energy is removed
The temperature will decrease.
Name three things that use an internal combustion engine
Vehicles, boats, airplanes, trains
What is unit for heat, work, and energy
Joules
WHat is generated in heat engines
They continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
In an uncontrolled system, when energy is able to disperse, the energy always spreads to a stable states
How are entropy and energy crisis related
Waste heat is always generated, dispersing thermal energy beyond the engine. Even an ideal engine were to be built, wate heat would still be there
Why does ice float
Ice is less dense than water
Cohesion
Forces of attraction that like particles exert on one another
Adhesion
Attractive forces that act between particles of different substances
Viscoity
A measure of its resistance to deform at a given rate
Thickness in a liquid is an example
Unit of specific heat
J/kg x K
Unit of heat
Q
Unit of entropy
S
Unit of Kelvin
K
Unit of degree Celsiujs
C
Unit of energy change
Delta E
Unit of temperature change
Delta T
According to the second law of thermodynamics, natural process go in the direction that _____ the total entropy of the system
maintains or increases
The total increase in the thermal energy of a system is the heat affef to it must the _____ done by it
work
A heat pump
transfers heat into and out of the house depending on the season
The form of heat transfer that takes place in a house heated by forced I=air is primarily
conevection
Natural processes tend to move toward greater
order
Pressure is the ratio of force to the ____ over which it is applied
area
A rock will sink in water because its ___ is greater than that of water
density
The SI unit of pressure is
pascal
The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of a submerged object produces a force known as
buoyancy
According to pascals principle, any change on a confined fluid
is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid
A fluid is a substance that
has no definite shape
As the temperature of a sample of liquid water is increased from a starting point of -1 C, the volume of the water initially ____
decreases
The pressure exerted by a column of liquid is independent of the ____
shape of the container
First Law of Thermodynamics
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Third Law of Thermodynamics
all process cease as temperature approaches absolute zero
Zeroth Law
If each of two systems is in equilibrium with the third system, the first two are in equilibrium with each other
Who was Archimedes
FIgured out the value of pi and the volume of a sphere
What was Archimedes called
“father of integral calculus”
Archimedean Principle
If an object weighs more than the fluid it displaces, it will sink, if it weighs less than the fluid it displaces, it will float.
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Freezing (solidification)
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Solid to gas
Sublimation (dry ice)
Gas to solid
Doposition
