Gravitation and Kepler Flashcards
Describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force
Inertial mass
The region around the Earth in which objects experience a force due to Earth’s gravity
Gravitation field
Suggests that objects attract other objects with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Who was the first astronomer to propose that the Sun is the center of the solar system
Nicholas Copernicus
Who believed that all planets except Earth orbit the Sun
Tycho Brahe
Who used huge instruments he built himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars
Tycho Brahe
Who used 30 years worth of observations made by other scientist and concluded that the planets orbit the Sun
Kepler
Who proposed that the force exerted on a planet by the Sun is inversely proportional to the distance between centers of the planet and the Sun
Newton
Who discovered that the shape of a Planet’s prbit is an ellipse
Copernicus
Who was the first to theorize that the force that makes objects fall to Earth is the same force that the Sun exerts on the planets
Newton
Who used geometry and mathematics to discover his three laws of planetary motion
Kepler
Which one of Kepler’s law: Relates the motion of more than one object about a single body
Third
Which one of Kepler’s law: Describes the shape of the planets’ orbit
First
Which one of Kepler’s law: States that the SUn is located at one focus of a planet’s orbit
First
Which one of Kepler’s law: States that an imaginary line drawn from a planet to the Sun will sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals
Second
Action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong
Penitence
Period after the Black Death where European culture, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth”
Renaissance
Where the Sun is the center of the Solar System
Heliocentricity
Where the Earth is the center of the Solar System
Geocentricity
A fixed or moveable habitation, typically of light construction
Tabernacle
A typical example or pattern of something; a model
Paradigm
Unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from cerebral hemorrhage or stroke
Apoplexy
To be unchanging overtime or unable to be changed
Immutable
The motion of a projectile has both _______ and _______ components
horizontal, vertical
A projectile fired horizontally will accelerate toward Earth at a rate of
-9.8 m/s
If the magnitude of the ______ component of a projectile’s motion is great enough, the projectile will fall to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the projectile
Horizontal
A projectile fired horizontally from less than 150 km above the surface of Earth will fall back to Earth no matter how fast it is traveling because of
Air Resistance
An object that falls to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the object is said to be in orbit
orbit
The effect of mass on space
Curvature
The effect of gravity on light
Deflection
Einstein thought gravity was an
Effect of space
An object so dense that light leaving the object is bent back on itself
Black Hole
Predicts the effects of gravity
General theory of relativity
Allows us to picture gravity acting at a distance
Gravitational field
Newton’s law of universal gravitation allows us to calculate the ______ force that exists between two bodies because of their mass
gravitational
Einstein proposed that gravity is not a _____ but rather an effect of _____ itself
force, space
According to Einstein, the mass of a body changes the _____ around it
space
____ causes space to be curved, and other bodies are accelerated because of the way they follow this curved space
mass
According to Einstein theory of _______, if an object is massive and dense enough, any light it emits is actually bent back to the object
relativity
What’s the difference between gravitational and inertial mass
gravitational mass: describes the force on an object in a gravitational field
inertial mass: measured by measuring an object’s resistance to changes in velocity
Which scientist developed an experiment to measure G, using lead spheres and a very thin wire? Why is the experiment valuable?
Henry Cavendish developed an experiment to measure G, he found the Universal gravitational constant of Earth
Kepler’s First Law
States that the path of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus
Kepler’s Second Law
States that an imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals
Kepler’s Third Law
States that the gravitational force between only two objects is directly proportional to the square of the distance between their centers
What’s the difference between g and G
Little g is acceleration due to gravity, Big G is the universal constant
