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All Classes > Physics Final Review (Semester 1) > Flashcards

Physics Final Review (Semester 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Scalar

A

Magnitude and no direction

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2
Q

Vector

A

Magnitude and direction

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3
Q

Precision

A

The frequency of something producing the same thing in close proximity

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4
Q

Accuracy

A

How close it is to actual value

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5
Q

Particle model

A

Where the object moves in a single point(simplified motion diagram)

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6
Q

Magnitude

A

Size

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7
Q

Displacement

A

A change in position having both magnitude and direction

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8
Q

Vectors

A

The sum of two or more vectors being added

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9
Q

Acceleration

A

The change in velocity over time

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10
Q

Free fall

A

Motion of an object when gravity is the only significant force

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11
Q

Acceleration due to gravity

A

Acceleration of an object only due to the force of gravity

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12
Q

Force

A

A push or a pull

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13
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency to resist change

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14
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

An object will remain at rest (or moving constantly) unless acted on by an external force

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15
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

New force is equal to mass times acceleration F=ma

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16
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction

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17
Q

Uniform motion

A

Type of motion in which an object travels in a straight line with a uniform speed

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18
Q

Contact force

A

A force as a result of two objects in contact

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19
Q

Field Force

A

A force exerted on a n object that has no contact

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20
Q

Drag force

A

A force acting in opposite to the relative motion of an object moving

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21
Q

Terminal Velocity

A

Maximum velocity attainable by an object as it falls

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22
Q

Normal force

A

The force the surface exerts; so objects don’t pass through each other

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23
Q

Kepler’s First Law

A

Each planet’s orbit about the sun is an ellipse

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24
Q

Kepler’s Second Law

A

An imaginary line between the sun and planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time

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25
Q

Kepler’s Third Law

A

Square periods are proportional to the cubes of their radius (can find distance/period)

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26
Q

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

A

Suggests that objects attracts other objects without force that’s proportional to product of masses and inversely proportional to the square radius.

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27
Q

Scientific Theory

A

An explanation of things/events based on on knowledge gained through observations and investigations

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28
Q

Scientific Law

A

A description of a rule of nature

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29
Q

Which prefix denotes the smallest amount

A

Nano/pico

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30
Q

A hypothesis can best be defined as a

A

prediciton

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31
Q

Velocity

A

Distance over time, how fast it’s moving and in which direction it’s moving

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32
Q

The rate at which an object’s velocity changes

A

Acceleration

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33
Q

Velocity equation

A

d/t

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34
Q

A force exerted without contact

A

Field force

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35
Q

Every action has an equal but opposite reaction

A

Newton’s Third Law

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36
Q

Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes a

A

Interaction pair

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37
Q

In metric system, what is the base unity for length

A

Meters

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38
Q

A device with a very small divisions on its scale can measure with high

A

precision

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39
Q

What is the base unit for mass

A

kilograms

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40
Q

Which prefix denotes the largest amount

A

Milli

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41
Q

What should a scientist do if his conclusion does not match his original hypothesis

A

Revise the original hypothesis

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42
Q

A series of points that depict an object in motion

A

Particle model

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43
Q

Acceleration due to gravity on earth

A

9.8m/s

44
Q

Acceeration due to grvaity on the moon

A

1.6m/s

45
Q

The net force on an object is equal to zero when the object in is

A

equilibrium

46
Q

Resultant

A

Force, velocity, or other vector quantity which is the combined effect of two or more vectors

47
Q

Weight

A

The effect of gravity in a mass

48
Q

What is the strongest geometric shape

A

Triangle

49
Q

The shape of Mars’ orbit around the sun is most accurately describes as a

A

ellipse

50
Q

Which is more precise: Beaker or Graduated Cylinder

A

Graduated cylinder

51
Q

When graphing data, the dependent variable goes on the

A

y-axis

52
Q

When graphing data, the independent variable goes on the

A

x-axis

53
Q

Which city in the US has the most number of bridges

A

Pittsburgh

54
Q

Four fundamental forces of nature

A

Gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear

55
Q

Accuracy

A

How close to accepted value

56
Q

precision

A

frequency which a measurement produces the same result

57
Q

Scalar

A

Magnitude and no direction

58
Q

Vector

A

Magnitude and direction

59
Q

Magnitude

A

Size

60
Q

Temperature

A

Kelvin

61
Q

length

A

meter

62
Q

mass

A

kilograms

63
Q

time

A

seconds

64
Q

force

A

N

65
Q

Velocity

A

m/s

66
Q

acceleration

A

m/s^2

67
Q

Energy

A

Delta (Triangle)

68
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

With an unbalanced force; an object at rest, stays at rest and an object in motion, stays in motion.

69
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

F=ma

70
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Forces come in pair

71
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency to resist change

72
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

73
Q

Force

A

A push or a pull

74
Q

Normal force

A

Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object

75
Q

Speed

A

Change in distance per unit of time

76
Q

Acceleration

A

Change in velocity per unit of time

77
Q

Free-body Diagram

A

Shows forces acting on an object

78
Q

Center of mass

A

Point where all mass is concentrated

79
Q

Weight

A

The vertical downward force exerted on a mass by gravity

80
Q

Reaction Time

A

Response to a situation

81
Q

Projectile

A

Travels through the air or another medium

82
Q

Kepler’s First Law

A

Planets move in an ellipse around the sun

83
Q

Kepler’s Second Law

A

Imaginary line between the planets and the sun that sweeps equal areas in equal time

84
Q

Kepler’s Third Law

A

Defines the relationship between the motion and period of planets (square period proportional to the subes of their radius’)

85
Q

Copernicus

A

Proposed heliocentric point of view instead of geocentric

86
Q

Brahe

A

Believed all planes except Earth orbit the sun

87
Q

Force and acceleration have a ____ impact

A

direct

88
Q

The greater the force, the greater the ___

A

Acceleration

89
Q

Acceleration and mass have an ____ relationship

A

inverse

90
Q

The average speed is ____ the average velocity

A

The absolute value of

91
Q

A series of images showing the position of a moving object over equal time intervals

A

Motion diagram

92
Q

A graph with time data on the x-axis and position on the y-axis

A

Position-time graph

93
Q

Instantaneous Acceleration

A

Change in an object’s velocity at an instant of time

94
Q

Inertial Mass

A

Describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force

95
Q

The effect of gravity on space

A

Curvature

96
Q

Effect of gravity on light

A

Deflection

97
Q

Who developed BIg G, why is it valuable

A

Henry Cavendish; Found the universal gravitational constant of Earth

98
Q

Difference between g and G

A

Little g is acceleration due to gravity and Big G is the universal gravitational constant

99
Q

If the net force is equal to zero then the object is said to be in

A

equilibrium

100
Q

Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes

A

Drag force

101
Q

The attractive force that exist between all objects with mass is the

A

Gravitational force

102
Q

The London Bridge crosses what river

A

Thames

103
Q

The most famous bridge collapse in the United States is known as

A

Galloping Gertie

104
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

Thought every planet besides the Earth orbits the sun and he used instruments he built himself he built himself to record stars.

105
Q

Copernicus

A

Proposed the sun is the center of the solar system

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