Physics Final Review (Semester 1) Flashcards
Scalar
Magnitude and no direction
Vector
Magnitude and direction
Precision
The frequency of something producing the same thing in close proximity
Accuracy
How close it is to actual value
Particle model
Where the object moves in a single point(simplified motion diagram)
Magnitude
Size
Displacement
A change in position having both magnitude and direction
Vectors
The sum of two or more vectors being added
Acceleration
The change in velocity over time
Free fall
Motion of an object when gravity is the only significant force
Acceleration due to gravity
Acceleration of an object only due to the force of gravity
Force
A push or a pull
Inertia
The tendency to resist change
Newton’s First Law
An object will remain at rest (or moving constantly) unless acted on by an external force
Newton’s Second Law
New force is equal to mass times acceleration F=ma
Newton’s Third Law
For every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction
Uniform motion
Type of motion in which an object travels in a straight line with a uniform speed
Contact force
A force as a result of two objects in contact
Field Force
A force exerted on a n object that has no contact
Drag force
A force acting in opposite to the relative motion of an object moving
Terminal Velocity
Maximum velocity attainable by an object as it falls
Normal force
The force the surface exerts; so objects don’t pass through each other
Kepler’s First Law
Each planet’s orbit about the sun is an ellipse
Kepler’s Second Law
An imaginary line between the sun and planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time
Kepler’s Third Law
Square periods are proportional to the cubes of their radius (can find distance/period)
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Suggests that objects attracts other objects without force that’s proportional to product of masses and inversely proportional to the square radius.
Scientific Theory
An explanation of things/events based on on knowledge gained through observations and investigations
Scientific Law
A description of a rule of nature
Which prefix denotes the smallest amount
Nano/pico
A hypothesis can best be defined as a
prediciton
Velocity
Distance over time, how fast it’s moving and in which direction it’s moving
The rate at which an object’s velocity changes
Acceleration
Velocity equation
d/t
A force exerted without contact
Field force
Every action has an equal but opposite reaction
Newton’s Third Law
Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes a
Interaction pair
In metric system, what is the base unity for length
Meters
A device with a very small divisions on its scale can measure with high
precision
What is the base unit for mass
kilograms
Which prefix denotes the largest amount
Milli
What should a scientist do if his conclusion does not match his original hypothesis
Revise the original hypothesis
A series of points that depict an object in motion
Particle model
Acceleration due to gravity on earth
9.8m/s
Acceeration due to grvaity on the moon
1.6m/s
The net force on an object is equal to zero when the object in is
equilibrium
Resultant
Force, velocity, or other vector quantity which is the combined effect of two or more vectors
Weight
The effect of gravity in a mass
What is the strongest geometric shape
Triangle
The shape of Mars’ orbit around the sun is most accurately describes as a
ellipse
Which is more precise: Beaker or Graduated Cylinder
Graduated cylinder
When graphing data, the dependent variable goes on the
y-axis
When graphing data, the independent variable goes on the
x-axis
Which city in the US has the most number of bridges
Pittsburgh
Four fundamental forces of nature
Gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear
Accuracy
How close to accepted value
precision
frequency which a measurement produces the same result
Scalar
Magnitude and no direction
Vector
Magnitude and direction
Magnitude
Size
Temperature
Kelvin
length
meter
mass
kilograms
time
seconds
force
N
Velocity
m/s
acceleration
m/s^2
Energy
Delta (Triangle)
Newton’s First Law
With an unbalanced force; an object at rest, stays at rest and an object in motion, stays in motion.
Newton’s Second Law
F=ma
Newton’s Third Law
Forces come in pair
Inertia
Tendency to resist change
Mass
Amount of matter in an object
Force
A push or a pull
Normal force
Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object
Speed
Change in distance per unit of time
Acceleration
Change in velocity per unit of time
Free-body Diagram
Shows forces acting on an object
Center of mass
Point where all mass is concentrated
Weight
The vertical downward force exerted on a mass by gravity
Reaction Time
Response to a situation
Projectile
Travels through the air or another medium
Kepler’s First Law
Planets move in an ellipse around the sun
Kepler’s Second Law
Imaginary line between the planets and the sun that sweeps equal areas in equal time
Kepler’s Third Law
Defines the relationship between the motion and period of planets (square period proportional to the subes of their radius’)
Copernicus
Proposed heliocentric point of view instead of geocentric
Brahe
Believed all planes except Earth orbit the sun
Force and acceleration have a ____ impact
direct
The greater the force, the greater the ___
Acceleration
Acceleration and mass have an ____ relationship
inverse
The average speed is ____ the average velocity
The absolute value of
A series of images showing the position of a moving object over equal time intervals
Motion diagram
A graph with time data on the x-axis and position on the y-axis
Position-time graph
Instantaneous Acceleration
Change in an object’s velocity at an instant of time
Inertial Mass
Describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force
The effect of gravity on space
Curvature
Effect of gravity on light
Deflection
Who developed BIg G, why is it valuable
Henry Cavendish; Found the universal gravitational constant of Earth
Difference between g and G
Little g is acceleration due to gravity and Big G is the universal gravitational constant
If the net force is equal to zero then the object is said to be in
equilibrium
Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes
Drag force
The attractive force that exist between all objects with mass is the
Gravitational force
The London Bridge crosses what river
Thames
The most famous bridge collapse in the United States is known as
Galloping Gertie
Tycho Brahe
Thought every planet besides the Earth orbits the sun and he used instruments he built himself he built himself to record stars.
Copernicus
Proposed the sun is the center of the solar system
