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Forensic Significance Pt. 2 > Thermal Trauma > Flashcards

Thermal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the integumentary system

A

Keratinized and unkeratinized tissue

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2
Q

Give example of keratinized tissue

A

skin

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3
Q

give examples of unkeratinized tissue

A

mucous membranes of GI tract, vagina, bladder, etc.

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4
Q

Give examples of appendages to the skin

A

hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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5
Q

What are he 3 primary functions of the skin?

A

Barrier to pathogens
Heat regulation
Water distribution/movement

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6
Q

What are the 3 multilayered divisions of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutis)

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7
Q

What are the 5 layers, from superficial to deep, of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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8
Q

What are the two main functions of the epidermis?

A

Protection against pathogens
Regulation of water movement

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary dermis
reticular dermis
hypodermis

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10
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

Cushions and protects body

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11
Q

Describe the papillary dermis

A

Loos connective tissue
highly vascular

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12
Q

Describe the contents of the reticular dermis

A

Vascular
Elastin and collagen fibers
Immune cells
Nerve endings
Lymphatics

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13
Q

Describe the contents of the hypodermis

A

connective tissue
subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

What are the three main functions of the hypodermis?

A

Protection and cushioning
Heat regulation
Connection to the muscle, bone deep to the skin

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15
Q

Define a burn.

A

Any injury caused by the application of heat, electricity, chemical, radiation, gases, etc.

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16
Q

What are the two methods of classifying burns?

A

Severity and agent

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17
Q

What are burns the cause of?

A

Morbidity and mortality

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18
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness of skin or mucous membranes due to increased blood flow.

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19
Q

What factors can cause erythema?

A

Heat
Infection
Chemical reaction

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20
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling caused by loss of fluid from small blood vessels into tissues

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21
Q

What is a condition related to edema?

A

Hyperemia

22
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

An excess of blood and fluid in vessels supplying an organ or tissue

23
Q

What is a blister?

A

Fluid filled sac between epidermis and dermis
Response to heat, friction or some types of blunt trauma (pinching)

24
Q

What are the 6 categories of burns by agent?

A

Flame
Contact
Radiant
Scalding
Microwave
Chemical

25
Q

What is a flame burn?

A

Skin in direct contact with flame

26
Q

What is a contact burn?

A

Skin in direct contact with a hot surface

27
Q

What is a radiant burn?

A

Skin exposure to heat wave (no direct contact)

28
Q

What is a scalding burn?

A

Skin exposure to a hot liquid

29
Q

What is a microwave burn?

A

Skin contact with electromagnetic waves

30
Q

What is a chemical burn?

A

Skin contact with caustic chemical agents

31
Q

What are the classifications of burns by severity?

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree

32
Q

What layer of the skin is impacted by a first degree burn?

A

Superficial epidermis

33
Q

What can first degree burns cause?

A

Erythema and edema

34
Q

Are 1st degree burns painful? Why/why not?

A

Yes - sensory neurons still intact

35
Q

Do first degree burns cause scars?

A

No

36
Q

What layers of the skin are impacted by second degree burns?

A

Epidermis and dermis

37
Q

What can second degree burns cause?

A

Blisters

38
Q

Are second degree burns painful?

A

Yes

39
Q

Do second degree burns cause scars?

A

No

40
Q

What is another name for a second degree burn?

A

Partial thickness burn

41
Q

What is another term for third degree burn?

A

Full thickness burn

42
Q

What three things do third degree burns cause?

A

Burned area white
Loss of sensation
Severe scarring

43
Q

What is another term for fourth degree burns?

A

Charring

44
Q

What are the three possible consequences of fourth degree burns?

A

Incineration of tissues
Complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, subQ tissue
Can include bone

45
Q

What factors effect the severity of burns?

A

Intensity
Duration
Underlying conditions
Presence and type of clothing

46
Q

How can intensity effect the severity of burns?

A

Higher temp = more damage

47
Q

How are burns impacted by duration?

A

Longer duration = more damage

48
Q

How are burns impacted by clothing?

A

Can protect or adhere and burn

49
Q

What factors impact the survivability of burns?

A

Age
Degree of burn
Percentage of body surface

50
Q
A

Forensic Significance Pt. 2 (7 decks)

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