Definitions and Examples

Question 1

What is an anastomosis? Give an example.

Answer 1

A surgical connection between two structures. Example: colostomy

Question 2

What is dual circulation?

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation = gas exchange
Bronchial circulation = provides oxygenated blood to walls of conducting airways, pulmonary arteries and veins.

Question 3

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes.

Question 4

What role does the sympathetic nervous system play?

Answer 4

Fight or flight

Question 5

What function does the parasympathetic nervous system play?

Answer 5

Rest and digest

Question 6

What is the somatic nervous system? What does it do?

Answer 6

Subdivision of peripheral nervous system. Allows you to move and control muscles throughout body.

Question 7

What are afferent neurons?

Answer 7

Sensory neurons
Nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

Question 8

What are efferent neurons?

Answer 8

Motor neurons
Nerve fibers responsible for carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system to initiate an action.

Question 9

What are dermatomes?

Answer 9

Areas of your skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine.

Question 10

What is parenchyma?

Answer 10

Functional tissue of an organ.

Question 11

What is a plexus?

Answer 11

An area where various nerves come together, are sorted, and then travel to their respective structures to communicate signals from brain.

Question 12

What is an aponeurosis? Give an example.

Answer 12

A sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment. Abdominal aponeurosis = example.

Question 13

What is portal circulation?

Answer 13

Portal vein drains almost all of the blood from the digestive tract and empties directly into the liver.

Question 14

What is peristalsis?

Answer 14

Involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract.

Question 15

List primary sexual characteristics in males.

Answer 15

Enlarging of the penis
Testicle growth
Sperm production

Question 16

List female primary sexual characteristics.

Answer 16

Growth of uterus and vagina
Ovulation
Menstruation begins

Question 17

What are primary sex characteristics?

Answer 17

Body structures directly concerned with reproduction

Question 18

What are secondary sex characteristics? Give examples.

Answer 18

Physical features that allow us to tell males from females. Example: breasts, beards

Question 19

What is sex? What is gender?

Answer 19

Sex = set of biological attributes in humans and animals.
Gender = the male sex or the female sex, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones, or one of a range of other identities that do not correspond to established ideas of male and female.

Question 20

What is a fascial compartment? Give an example.

Answer 20

Section within the body that contains muscles and nerves and is surrounded by deep fascia.
Example: anterior compartment of the leg.

Question 21

What is the gluteal region?

Answer 21

General location of the buttocks.

Question 22

What are the borders of the gluteal region?

Answer 22

Anterior: pelvic girdle
Superior: Iliac crest
Inferior: gluteal folds

Question 23

What is the thigh region?

Answer 23

Region of the lower limb located between hip and knee joints.

Question 24

What is the leg region?

Answer 24

Region of lower limb between the knee and the foot.

Question 25

What is the popliteal space?

Answer 25

Diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint.

Question 26

What is the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 26

Located on inside of ankle. Formed by ankle bones and band of ligaments that stretches across the foot.

Question 27

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 27

Increase in pressure inside a muscle which restricts blood flow and causes pain.