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Ergonomics > Thermal Stressors - Bowen > Flashcards

Thermal Stressors - Bowen Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolic heat?

A

Metabolic heat is the energy generated while the body is being active

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2
Q

What is external work?

A

The physical work produced by the body. it is the work performed by moving a mass from point A to point B

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3
Q

What is a psychrometric chart?

A

The psychrometric chart provides a graphical relationship of water vapor pressure, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, and dew point.

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4
Q

What heat illnesses can result from overexposure to heat?

A

Heat stroke, heat hyperpyrexia, heat exhaustion, heats syncope, heat cramps, heat rash, and heat fatigue

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5
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

Emergency medical condition. The most severe of the heat illnesses. It occurs when the body fails to regulate body temperature.
- Skin is hot and dry.
- Confused behavior.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Convulsions.
- Medical emergency

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6
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

It is excessive loss of water through sweating.
- Fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Headache or giddiness.
- Cold, clammy skin.

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7
Q

How do you treat heat exhaustion?

A

Get the person to a cooler location and replace body fluids

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8
Q

What is heat syncope?

A

Non-acclimitized person standing in the heat faint. blood flow reduced to the brain.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for heat syncope?

A

Remove victim to cooler location and have them lie down

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10
Q

What are heat cramps?

A
  • Painful muscle cramps during or following work in hot environments
  • Body salts lost through sweating
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11
Q

How do you treat heat cramps?

A

Replace fluids containing appropriate salts

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12
Q

What is a heat rash?

A
  • Small blister like eruptions during heat exposure
  • Plugged sweat glands swell
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13
Q

How do you treat heat rash?

A

Keep skin clean and dry

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14
Q

What is heat fatigue?

A
  • Reduced performance on workers
  • Non-acclimated workers are most susceptible
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15
Q

What are ways to prevent heat illness from occurring?

A
  • Drink plenty of fluids during hot weather.
  • Take frequent breaks as necessary.
  • Personal protective equipment.
  • Engineering controls.
  • Acclimization
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16
Q

What engineering controls can help prevent Heat illness?

A
  • Air conditioning.
  • Mists in the air.
  • Fans moving air, only if the ambient temperature is below body temperature (cooling fan)
  • Cooled seats or benches for rest breaks
  • Use of mechanical equipment to reduce manual work (such as conveyors and forklifts).
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17
Q

What are the different types of cold illnesses?

A
  • Body combats called temperatures through shivering and circulation adjustments.
  • Trench foot.
  • Chilblains.
  • Cold urticaria.
  • Frostbite.
  • Hypothermia.
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18
Q

What is Trench foot?

A

Trench foot occurs after several days of exposure to cold (not freezing) temperatures and moist skin.
- Vasoconstriction in feet and legs.
- Pale appearance and numbness.

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19
Q

What is cold urticaria?

A

Urticaria = hives

Cold can cause histamine releases in body tissue.
- Produces itchy, red blotches.
- Only occurs in some people.
- May cause vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and swelling of breathing passages.

20
Q

What is frostbite?

A
  • Must occur at temperatures below 0°C / 32°F
  • Freezing of body tissue.
  • White, or grayish yellow skin.
  • Damage dependent on depth of freezing.
21
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

Defined as having a core body temperature less than 95°F / 35°C

Symptoms:
- Shivering initially occurs.
- Numbness.
- Disorientation.
- Confusion.
- Amnesia.
- Impaired judgment.

22
Q

What are three ways to prevent cold illness?

A
  • Provide heat source where feasible.
  • Minimize exposure time.
  • Protective clothing.
23
Q

What is the body’s core temperature that should be maintained?

A

37C / 98.6 F

24
Q

At what temperature does tissue freezing occur at?

A

Frostbite occurs when tissue temperature decreases below 32F / 0C

25
Q

At what temperature should machine controls be designed for operation with gloved hands?

A

Less than 16°C / 60.8°F

26
Q

Primary objective for heat stress TLV?

A
  • Maintain body core temperature within +1C of the normal (37C, 98.6F) temperature for the average person.
27
Q

The TLV tries to prevent core body temperature from dropping below..

A

36°C / 96.8°F

28
Q

Personal risk factors for heat strain?

A
  • Prior heat stroke
  • Repeated heat exhaustion
  • Cardiac or kidney disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity (less fit people are more susceptible to heat stress)
  • Older age (elderly more susceptible to heat stress)
  • Certain medications
  • Alcohol use
29
Q

Difference between heat stress and heat strain?

A

Heat stress it the net heat load a worker may be exposed to, heat strain is the body’s physiological response to heat stress.

30
Q

What is acclimatization?

A

The gradual physiological adaptation that improves an individual’s ability to tolerate heat stress.

31
Q

TLV clothing adjustment factors of 0

A
  • Work clothes (long sleeve shirt and pants)
  • Cloth (woven material) coveralls
32
Q

Clothing factor for limited use vapor barrier coveralls?

A

11

33
Q

Clothing factor for Polyolefin coveralls?

A

1

34
Q

Clothing factor for double-layered woven clothing?

A

3

35
Q

Clothing factor for SMS polypropylene coveralls?

A

0.5

36
Q

Sustained heart rate should not be in excess of

A

180 bpm - person’s age

37
Q

Recovery heart rate after one minute of peak work effort should not be greater than

A

120 bpm

38
Q

Body core temperature should not be greater than…

A
  • 38.5°C (101.3°F) for acclimatized workers
  • 38°C (100.4°F) for un-acclimatized workers
39
Q

What physiological symptoms can indicate excessive heat stain?

A

-Sustained (several minutes) heart rate is in excess of 180 bpm minus the individual’s age in yeras (180- age) for individuals with assessed normal cardiac performance
- Body core temperature is greater than 38.5 C (101.3F) for medically selected and acclimatized personnel; or greater than 38C (100.4F) in unselected, unacclimatized workers
- Recovery heart rate at one minute after a peak work effort is greater than 120; or
- There are symptoms of sudden and severe fatigue, nausea, dizziness, or lightheadedness

40
Q

What is convection

A

Heat transfer between the skin and air

Think convection oven

41
Q

How does the body lose heat

A
  • Sweating (evaporation)
  • Increase heart rate and blood flow
  • Vasodilation - body pumps more blood to surface to lower internal body temperature (Radiate heat out)
  • Controlling loss of H2O and salt via ADH and aldosterone
42
Q

What is conduction

A

Physical contact with a surface and a transfer of heat takes place from the hotter object to the cooler object

Think electrical conductor

43
Q

How does clothing impact heat exchange?

A

It affects convective and evaporative heat exchange

44
Q

What environmental factors affect heat stress?

A
  • Air movement
  • Temperature
  • Radiant heat loss
45
Q

Radiant heat stress controls

A
  • Provide shields between the heat source and the people
  • Use reflective screens
  • Use reflective clothing
  • Cover exposed parts of the bodyA
46
Q

What are the three types of heat transfer?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation

Ergonomics (5 decks)

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