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Ergonomics > Ergonomics - Bowen > Flashcards

Ergonomics - Bowen Flashcards

1
Q

What is ergonomics?

A

The study of human characteristics for the appropriate design of the living and work enviornment.

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2
Q

What is anthropometry?

A

The scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
Design workplaces for 90% of the population

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3
Q

What are musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • Disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal disks
  • Not typically a result of an acute event
  • Diagnosed by medical history or medical tests
  • Distinct features of recognized diseases or characterized by location
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4
Q

What are occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • Repetition / duration
  • Joint deviation
  • Force
  • Cold
  • Vibration
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5
Q

What are non-occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Endocrinological disorders
  • Acute trauma
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Recreational activities
  • Diabetes
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6
Q

What is tendon?

A

Connects muscle to bone

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7
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connects bone to bone

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8
Q

What body parts are at higher risk for a musculoskeletal disorder?

A
  • Soft tissues
  • Nerves
  • Blood vessels
  • Lower back
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9
Q

What is carpel tunnel?

A
  • Often caused by light, repetitive motions of the wrists and fingers
  • Carpal tunnel on the palmar side of the wrist contains nerves, blood vessels, tendons
  • Swelling tendons pinches the medial nerve
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10
Q

What is DeQuervain’s syndrome?

A
  • Special case of tenosynovitis at the base of the thumb
  • Caused by gripping and hand twisting
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11
Q

What test can yo do to determine carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

Phalen’s test

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12
Q

What test can you do to determine DeQuevain’s syndrome?

A

Finklestein’s test

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13
Q

What is epicondylitis?

A
  • Tennis elbow
  • Tendons on the outside elbow injured or strained
  • Caused by impacting or jerky throwing motions, repeated forceful wrist extensions
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14
Q

What is medial epicondylitis?

A
  • Golfer’s elbow
  • Tendons on the inside of the elbow injured or strained
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15
Q

What is tendinitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the tendons
  • Associated with repeated tension, motion, bending, contact with hard surface vibration
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16
Q

What is tendosynovitis?

A
  • Synovial sheath swells
  • Tendon becomes irritated, rough, and bumpy causing pain
17
Q

What is trigger finger?

A
  • Special case of tenosynovitis
  • Finger movement not smooth (snaps or jerks)
18
Q

What is white finger? (Raynaud’s phenomenon)

A
  • Insufficient blood supply causes blanching
  • Arteries closed due to vasospasms triggered by vibrations
19
Q

Name the four ways an object can vibrate

A
  • Continuous
  • Intermittent
  • Impulsive
  • Impact
20
Q

What is the hand-arm segmental vibration TLV?

A
  • range from 4 m/s2 to 12 m/s2
21
Q

What is the TLV for whole body vibration?

A
  • Ranges from 010 m/s2 to 80 m/s2
  • Separate table for longitudinal and horizontal vibrations
22
Q

What are risk factors for low back injuries?

A
  • Posture
  • Frequency
  • Static work
  • Handles, coupling
  • Asymmetrical handling
  • Space confinement
23
Q

Is horizontal movement (push, pull) less stressful than vertical movement (lift, lower)?

A

Yes

24
Q

What is the best range for lifting and lowering?

A
  • Knuckle height to shoulder height
  • Keeps loads close to and in front of the body
25
Q

What ergonomic TLVs exist?

A
  • Hand activity level (HAL)
  • Lifting
  • Hand-arm vibration
  • Whole-body vibration
26
Q

What is the NIOSH lifting equation?

A

RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM

27
Q

What is the lifting index formula?

A

Lifting index = actual weight / RWL

28
Q

What does a lifting index of more than 1 indicate?

A

An increased risk of lower back injury and should be redesigned

29
Q

What are four things to avoid with tool design?

A
  • Avoid high contact forces and static loading
  • Avoid extreme and awkward joint positions
  • Avoid repetitive finger action
  • Avoid tool vibration
30
Q

How should the wrists be oriented with respect to the forearm when using hand tools?

A

Wrists should stay straight with respect to the forearm

31
Q

How high should a standing workstation be when performing delicate work?

A

2’’ to 4’’ above elbow

32
Q

How high should a workstation be when performing light work?

A

2’’ to 4’’ below elbow

33
Q

How high should a workstation be when performing heavy work?

A

4’’ to 6’’

34
Q

What is illumination?

A

Amount of light hitting a given source

35
Q

What unit is used for illumination?

A

Footcandle = 1 lumen/ft2

36
Q

What is a lumen?

A

Total light output

37
Q

What does poor illumination cause?

A
  • Drowsiness or fatigue
  • Decreased efficiency
  • Decreased production
  • Lowered morale
38
Q
A

Ergonomics (5 decks)

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