Thermal Properties of Matter Flashcards
what is the reason behind internal kinetic energy?
due to the motion of particles
what is related to internal kinetic energy?
temperature
what is the relationship between internal kinetic energy and temperature?
the higher the temperature, the more vigorous the motion thus more kinetic energy
what is internal kinetic energy related to?
temperature changes without change in state; heat capacity and specific heat capacity
what is the reason behind internal potential energy?
due to the stretching and compression of interatomic or intermolecular bonds as particles move
what is internal potential energy dependant on?
forces between particles and the distance between particles
what is internal potential energy related to?
change in state; latent heat and specific latent heat
what happens to the internal energy of substance when thermal energy is supplied?
it increases
what happens to the internal energy of substance when thermal energy is lost?
it decreases
what causes the temperature of a substance to increase?
an increase in the average kinetic energy of particles
what causes the temperature of a substance to decrease?
a decrease in average kinetic energy of particles
define melting
the process in which substance changes from solid state to liquid state
define solidification
the process in which a substance changes from liquid state to solid state
what are the similarities between melting and solidification?
- they occur at constant temperature.
- no change in the avergae kinetic energy of particles during the processes.
what are the difference between melting and solidification?
- energy is absorbed by substance from surrounding during melting while energy is released by substance to surroundings during solidification.
- internal potential energy increases during melting while internal potential energy decreases during solidification.
- energy is absorbed to break the strong bonds between particles and increase the average spacing between particles during melting however energy is released when strong bonds form between particles and average spacing between particles decreases during solidification.
define boiling
process in which substance absorbs thermal energy to change from liquid to gaseous state at a fixed temperature
define condensation
process in which a substance loses thermal energy to change from gaseous state to liquid state at a fixed temperature
what are the differences between boiling and condensation?
- boiling is the change in state from liquid to gas while condensation is the change in state from gas to liquid
- energy is absorbed by substance from surroundings during boiling whereas energy is released by substance to surroundings during condensation
- internal potential energy increases during boiling whereas internal potential energy decreases during condensation
- energy absorbed to break strong bonds between particles and increase average spacing between particles, pushing back air molecules during boiling whereas during condensation, energy is released when strong bonds form between particles and average spacing between particles decreases
what are the similarities between boiling and condensation?
- they occur at a constant temperature
- there is no change in average kinetic energy
what are the differences between boiling and evaporation?
- boiling occurs at fixed temp. whereas evaporation occurs at any temperature
- boiling is a relatively quick process whereas evaporation is a relatively slow process
-boiling takes place throughout the liquid whereas evaporation takes place only at the surface of the liquid
- bubbles are formed in the liquid during boiling whereas no bubbles are formed in the liquid during evaporation
- temperature remains constant during boiling whereas temperature usually decreases during evaporation
- thermal energy is supplied by an energy source during boiling whereas thermal energy is supplied by the surroundings during evaporation
