thermal physics Flashcards
gotta fap fast
what is internal energy
The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in an object
what is the first law of thermodynamics
the change of internal energy of an object= the total energy transfer due to work done and heating
what is one of the ways energy transfer can take place
if one object does work on the other object
how can a heat energy transfer take place
if one object is hotter than the other energy can be transferred by convection conduction or radiation
what is specific heat capacity
the energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1K without a change of state
what assumptions would you make when estimating how long it takes for water to turn into ice
energy continues to be lost to the surroundings at the same constant rate the temperature of the ice formed does not fall below 0 °C
state one similarity and difference for the motion of particles of two different temperatures
both random motion
different mean kinetic energies
name two assumptions of the motion of particles in an ideal gas
random movement of the particles
collisons are elastic
they do not attract each other
volume of molecules negligible compared with the volume of gas
what is an ideal gas
a gas under conditions such that it obeys boyle’s law
what is boyle’s law
at a constant temperature the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional
what does the temperature rise of an object depend on
mass of the object
amount of energy supplied to it
substance/substances from which it is made
what is charles’ law
at a constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
what is brownian motion
the zigzag random motion of particles suspended in a fluid
what did the discovery of brownian motion provide
evidence for exisistance of atoms
what is the pressure law
for a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant volume it’s pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
what is the avogrado constant
number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon 12
what is thermal energy
The internal energy of an object due to its temperature
how can the internal energy of an object increases
if the object is heated
if work is being done on the object
what is happening if the internal object remains constant
energy transfers by work done and heating balance out
there is no energy transfer by heating or work done
what is specific latent heat of fusion
energy needed to change state of unit mass
of solid to liquid without temperature change
what is specific latent heat of vaporisation
energy needed to change the state of unit mass
of liquid to gas without temperature change
what is sublamation
when a solid vaporises directly when heated
what is molar mass
the mass of one mole of a substance
what is absolute 0
lowest possible temperature
temperature at which an object has minimum internal energy
how do you calculate work done by an ideal gas
work=pressure x volume
