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A Level Physics > Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Heat?

A

The spontaneous transfer of thermal energy, between two object caused by a difference in temperature.

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2
Q

What is the Symbol and Units of Heat?

A

Symbol: Q
Units: Joules

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3
Q

Why is heat transfered from one object to another?

A

because energy want sto be spread evenly and thus have energy spread equally between them

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4
Q

What is Temperature?

A

A measure of the average kinetic enrgy of the particles

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5
Q

What is the Symbol and Units of Temperature?

A

Symbol: θ or T
Units: K (for T) °C or K (for θ)

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6
Q

What is 0K in °C?

A

-273°C

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7
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to change 1kg of material by 1K

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8
Q

What is the equation that links Heat and Specific Heat Capacity?

A 
Q = mcΔθ
Q = Thermal energy (heat)
m = Mass
c = Specific Heat Capacity
Δθ = Change in temperature (K or °C)
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9
Q

What is the Units and Symbol for Specific Heat Capacity?

A

Symbol: c
Units: J/(kg x K)

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10
Q

What is Specific Latent Heat?

A

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a material, without changeing its temperature

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11
Q

What is the equation that links Specific Latent Heat and Heat?

A 
Q = mL
Q = Thermal Energy (heat)
m = Mass
L = Specific Latent Heat
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12
Q

What are the two types of Specific Latent Heat?

A

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion:
Solid ⇌ Liquid
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation:
Liquid ⇌ Gas

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13
Q

What is the Units and Symbol for Specific Latent Heat?

A

Symbol: L
Units: J/kg

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14
Q

What assumptions are made about ideal gasses?

A

Molecules are point masses.
Molecules move in random directions.
Collisions are elastic.
Time taken for collisions is negligable compared to time inbetween.

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15
Q

When does a real gas behave like an ideal gas?

A

When temperatures are high (incomparison to bp)

When pressure is low

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16
Q

What is an Ideal Gas?

A

A model used to explain the behavior of a gas

17
Q

What is the equation for Pressure?

A 
P = F/A
P = Pressure
F = Force
A = Area
18
Q

What is the Symbol and Units of Pressure?

A

Symbol: P
Units: N/m²

19
Q

What affects the Pressure of a Gas?

A

Volume
Kinetic energy
Amount of Gas
Temperature

20
Q

What are the Gas Laws?

A

They describe how Pressure, Temperature and Volume are related

21
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

pV = Constant
p ∝ 1/V
At a Constant Temperature

22
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

V/T = Constant
V ∝ T
At a Constant Pressure

23
Q

What is the Pressure Law?

A

p/T = Constant
p ∝ T
At a Constant Volume

24
Q

What is the equation, when the three gas laws are combined?

A

pV/T = Constant

25
Q

What are the two Ideal Gas Equations?

A 
pV = nRT = NkT
p = Pressure
V = Volume
n = number of moles
R = gas constant
N = Number of molecules
k = Boltzmann constant
T = Temperature
26
Q

What is the Area of a Pressure-Volume graph?

A

Work Done

27
Q

If a gas is compressed quickly what will happen?

A

It will increase in temperature to increase causing pressure to increase. Thermal energy cannot be lost to the surroundings fast enough
∴ both pressure and temp increase

28
Q

If a gas a gas is compressed slowly what will happen?

A

It will increase in pressure.

It won’t increase in temperature as thermal energy is able to be lost to the surroundings

29
Q

What assumptions are made by the Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas.

A

Molecules are point masses
Molecules have continuous random motion
No intermolecular forces
Collisions are elastic

30
Q

What is the equation for the Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas?

A 
pV = (1/3)Nm(Crms)²
p = Pressure
V = Volume
N = Number of Molecules
m = Mass of Molecule
Crms = Root mean square speed of the molecules
31
Q

How is an rms calculated?

A

Square all the values in the data set
Take a Mean of the square values
Root the Mean

32
Q

What is the equation for the Average Molecular Kinetic Energy?

A 
E = 0.5m(Crms)² = 1.5kT = 3RT/2N
E = Energy
m = Mass
Crms Root mean square speed
k = Boltzmann Constant
T = Temperature
R = Gas Constant
N = Number of Molecules

A Level Physics (16 decks)

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