Thermal Energy

Question 1

What is the Caloric theory

Answer 1

During 18th and 19th century, heat was believed to be a colourless, tasteless liquid called caloric

Question 2

What are the Properties of caloric

Answer 2

When caloric flowed from one object to another, it caused the second one to heat up and the first one to cool down

Combustion released a lot of caloric

Question 3

What is the Kinetic Theory

Answer 3

All matter consists of tiny particles

Electrical forces, both attractive and repulsive, exist between these particles

Particles move constantly, and in a random manner

Collisions between particles are perfectly elastic

Distances of particles in a gas are large compared to size of particles

Question 4

What is Thermal Energy

Answer 4

Sum of KE and PE of all particles in object

Particles in a substance all move. Their KE determines how fast they are moving

Particles can attract or repel neighbouring particles, also has PE.

Question 5

What is Temperature

Answer 5

Average kinetic energies of an object’s particles.

Measured in ˚C

Question 6

What is heat

Answer 6

Heat describes thermal energy transferred between objects because of a difference in temperatures. Measured in Joules

Always flows from hotter to colder objects

Energy transfer stops when objects are in thermal equilibrium

Question 7

Absolute Zero

Answer 7

-273.15 ˚C

Kelvin scale uses absolute zero

Change in 1 kelvin is = to change in 1 celsius