Thermal Agents

Question 1

definition of specific heat

Answer 1

the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount

Question 2

conduction heat transfer

Answer 2

heat transferred from one position to another position by means of molecular vibration without changing position

Question 3

convection

Answer 3

process of heat transfer by the movement of fluid

Question 4

radiation definition

Answer 4

transfer of heat from one object to another through electromagnetic radiation

Question 5

neuromuscular effects of the cold

Answer 5

• decreased nerve conduction
• reduced pain and increased pain threshold
  -altered muscle strength
  -decreased spasticity
  -facilitation of muscle contraction - increased

Question 6

clinical indications for use

Answer 6

-inflammatory control
-edema control
-pain control
-modification of spasticity
-symptom management in MS
-facilitation

Question 7

contraindications for cryotherapy

Answer 7

-hypercold hands
-area with nerve regeneration
-cryoglobulinemia
-little tolerance to the cold

Question 8

effects of heat

Answer 8

-changes in nerve conduction velocity and firing
-increased pain threshold
-changes in muscular strength
-increased metabolic rate
-increased enzymatic activity rate

Question 9

contraindications for heat

Answer 9

inflammation of the vessel

Question 10

precautions for heat

Answer 10

-any acute injury
-impaired circulation
-anywhere that already has icy hot