Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Physics > thermal > Flashcards

thermal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

internal energy

A

the sum of the kinetic energy and bond total energies of the molecules of a system as measured when the system as a while is not moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thermal capacity

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

specific latent heat

A

the amount of thermal energy needed to change the state of a unit mass of a substance at constant temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mole

A

the amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms as 0.012kg of carbon-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

molar mass

A

mass of one mole of a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

avogadro constant

A

the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 (approx 6x10^23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pressure

A

the normal force to an area per unit area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

temperature 2

A

1) a property that determines the direction of heat flow between two bodies in thermal contact
2) a measure of the average random kinetic energy of the molecules of an ideal gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

boiling point

A

temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

whats the volume of 1 mole of any gas at normal atmospheric pressure & a temperature of 0*C

A

22.4 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

difference between boiling and evaporation

A

boiling takes place throughout the liquid and always at the same temperature
evaporation takes place only at the surface of the liquid and can happen at all temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how evaporation results in drop in temperature

A

when a liquid evaporates, the fastest-moving particles leave the surface
This means that the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles is lower, resulting in a drop in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does increasing the surface area lead to more evaporation

A

increases the number of molecules near the surface giving more of them a chance to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does blowing across the surface increase the rate of evaporation

A

after molecules have left the surface they form a small ‘vapour cloud’ above the liquid. If this is blown away, it allows further molecules to leave the surface more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does raising the temperature increase the rate of evaporation

A

increases the KE of the liquid molecules enabling more to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

conduction 3

A
  • takes place when bodies are in contact with each other
  • the vibrating molecules of one body collides with the molecules of another
  • the fast moving molecules lose energy and the slow-moving molecules gain it
18
Q

the temperature of a gas in kelvin is directly proportional to

A

the average KE of a molecule

19
Q

Boltzmann constant

A

1.38x10⁻²³J/K

20
Q

Boltzmann constant

A

1.38x10⁻²³J/K

21
Q

boyle’s law

A

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume

22
Q

why is pressure of a gas inversely related to volume?

A

as the volume of a gas is reduced it will become denser, because the molecules are pushed together
The molecules will therefore hit the walls more often, increasing the rate of change of momentum and hence the pressure

23
Q

pressure law

A

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas with constant volume is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvin

24
Q

charles’ law

A

the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvin

25
Q

why is volume proportional to temperature in kelvin at a constant pressure

A

as the temperature of the gas is increased the molecules move faster causing an increase in pressure
However if the volume is increased in proportion to the increase in temperature the pressure will remain the same

26
Q

avogadros hypothesis

A

equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules

27
Q

why is there no potential energy in an ideal gas

A

since gas molecules have no force between them it requires no work to move them around which means that there is no energy associated with their position

28
Q

2 ways of changing temperature

A

heating or doing work on the system

29
Q

heat

A

energy transfer without the action of a macroscopic force

30
Q

graphical representation of Boyle’s law

A

since the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume, a graph of pressure against volume will be a curve

31
Q

constant temperature

A

isothermal

32
Q

constant volume

A

isochoric

33
Q

constant pressure

A

isobaric

34
Q

normal atmospheric pressure

A

101.3kPa

35
Q

what conditions are needed for the ideal gas laws to apply to real gases

A

low pressure, large volume and high temperature

36
Q

why is PE increased when molecules are squashed together?

A

bond energy increases

37
Q

why do particles in an ideal gas need to be identical

A

different ones would have different masses which would change their acceleration

38
Q

why do we assume a v large no of particles for an ideal gas

A

so results are statistically relevant - the average is more reliable with a bigger sample size

39
Q

attractive force in solid

A

tension - as molecules pulled apart they push back

40
Q

repulsive force in solid

A

normal reaction - as surfaces are pushed together the molecules push back

41
Q

thermal equilibrium

A

when the rate of energy absorption is equal to the rate of energy emission

You know its reached when u keep on heating an object but its temperature remains constant

42
Q

internal energy of an ideal gas

A

molecules of an ideal gas have only KE so internal energy is the total KE of the molecules

IB Physics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions