Theriogenology Exam II (13-19) Flashcards
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
The ovary of the bitch is often times surrounded by a significant amount of ____.
When will a bitch reach puberty? When is her maximum reproductive capability?
How does puberty affect a bitch’s heat cycle?
What are the general characteristics of the canine estrous cycle?
What are the different stages of the canine estrous cycle?
What is the average duration for proestrus and estrus in the bitch?
What is the time frame for each stage of the estrous cycle in the bitch?
What is an inter-estrus period?
What is the average duration of the canine reproductive cycle? How does breed and age impact this?
What is the minimum estrous cycle length in the canine?
What is the maximum estrous cycle length in the canine?
How can a cytology tell us the relative estrogen levels in the bitch’s reproduction cycle?
How can we use cornification of vaginal cells to determine the stage of the estrous cycle in the bitch?
To determine the stage of estrous that a bitch is in, you need to perform a ____, _____, and ____.
How do we collect a vaginal cytology in the bitch?
In general, how do we evaluate a vaginal cytology in the bitch?
Based on the color of the vaginal swab, predict the stage of the estrous cycle.
Identify the different cells that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
Why physical changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
Why vaginal cytology changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
What vaginal speculum changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
What behavioral changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch? Differentiate between early and late proestrus.
What is the hormone profile of a bitch in proestrus?
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
What cells will you find on the vaginal cytology of a bitch in proestrus?
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology of the bitch.
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology of the bitch.
What physical changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
What vaginal cytology changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
What vaginal speculum changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
What behavioral changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
What are the three sexual responses that we may see in the bitch? When would we expect to see them (what stage)?
Describe the hormone profile of a bitch in estrus.
Describe the progesterone rise that occurs in the bitch in estrus.
You see this during your vaginal speculum exam. What stage of estrous is the bitch in?
You see this during your vaginal speculum exam. What stage of estrous is the bitch in?
What kind of cells would you expect to see in a vaginal cytology of a bitch in estrus?
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology.
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology.
Identify the stage of estrus based on the vaginal cytology.
Identify the stage of estrus based on the vaginal cytology.
Diestrus in the bitch begins with ____ and is ____ dominated.
What vaginal cytology changes would you expect to see in a bitch in diestrus?
Abrupt change to non-cornified cells, influx of neutrophils
What vaginal speculum changes would you expect to see in a bitch in diestrus?
How long dos diestrus last in the bitch?
Generally about 60 days (ranges from 45-90)
What physical/behavioral changes will you notice in the bitch in diestrus?
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
Identify the cells and the estrous stage based on this vaginal cytology.
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
Describe the cessation of diestrus in the bitch.
Describe the behavioral, physical, vaginal cytology, vaginal speculum, and hormone profile changes you would expect to see in a bitch in anestrus.
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
Before we even attempt breeding management in the canine, what should we first identify?
Describe the timeline and hormone profile consistent with ovulation in the canine.
How can we measure progesterone (P4) in the canine? What is the clinical significance?
What is the 2-2-2 rule for breeding the bitch?
How do we confirm ovulation in the canine?
____ is one of the most common mistakes in canine breeding management and results in ____, ____, and ____.
When it it appropriate to breed the canine once we have confirmed ovulation? How does this change for cooled versus frozen semen?
As an alternative to AI breeding, how can we manage natural cover in the canine?
Describe the use of LH assays in canine breeding management. What is the disadvantage?
You should always confirm your numbers (during canine breeding management ) by _____.
What is the length of gestation in the canine?
What criteria must be met for a male dog to be considered fertile?
This is an example of ______.
Differentiate between an inside tie and outside tie.
Is this a normal erection in the canine?
Is this a normal erection in the canine?
In addition to a general breeding soundness examination in the dog, we also perform a ___ and test for ___.
How do we measure the size of the scrotum in the canine?
In addition to measuring the scrotal width in the canine, we should also assess for ____.
What are the 3 different ways we collect semen in the dog?
How do we perform manual collection of semen in the canine?
What are the 3 fractions of sperm? Which one are we trying to collect in the canine?
What drugs can we use to enhance ejaculation in the canine?
How do we determine semen concentration in the canine?
How do we assess semen motility in the canine? What is normal?
How do we assess semen morphology in the canine? What is normal?
What is the longevity/viability of fresh semen, fresh/cooled semen, and frozen semen?
Describe the general process of AI in the bitch.
Describe the use of cooled semen for AI in the bitch.
Why do we freeze semen? Describe the general process.
Describe the use of frozen semen when performing AI in the bitch.
List some of the reasons why canine breeding is unsuccessful.
What is a vaginal stricture/band? How do we treat it?
What is superfecundation?
What is superfetation?
What is superfetation?
Describe the basic canine pre-breeding veterinary care/screening tests.
How can we use abdominal palpation to confirm canine pregnancy?
How can we use radiography to confirm canine pregnancy?
How can we use ultrasound to confirm canine pregnancy?
How can we use relaxin to confirm canine pregnancy?
How old was this canine pregnancy (range)?
Describe the use of ultrasound to assess the uterus.
Describe the use of ultrasound to assess the canine ovaries.
What is a normal fetal heart rate? What about if the pregnancy is near term?
What fetal heart rate is indicative of fetal stress?
How do we calculate the canine gestational age when it is less than 40 days?
How do we calculate the canine gestational age when it is greater than 40 days?
How can we support the canine during pregnancy?
What makes a good whelping/queening area?
What is the value of pre-whelping radiographs?
What parameters can we use to help us predict canine whelping?
Describe the use of a whelpwise to predict canine parturition.
How do we use progesterone to predict the whelping date in a bitch?
Gestational length in the bitch is critical. How can we determine it based on LH peak, ovulation, breeding date, or onset of diestrus?
What are some possible causes of hemorrhagic or purulent vaginal discharge during pregnancy in the bitch?
What are the different antibiotics that are safe to use in the pregnancy bitch?
How to we confirm fetal wastage? What are the causes and treatment in the bitch?
What are the next steps you should perform after the bitch has an abortion?
How do we confirm and treat prolonged gestation in the bitch? What are some causes?
Describe the clinical presentation and diagnosis of uterine torsion in the pregnant bitch?
What happens in the canine’s body at the initiation of parturition?
Describe the first stage of parturition in the bitch.
Describe the second stage of parturition in the bitch.
Describe the significance of uteroverdin in the bitch during the second stage of parturition.
What is the normal PPP for puppies?
What are some clinical signs of dystocia in the dog?
What are some canine maternal factors that contribute to a dystocia?
What intervention is necessary in canine dystocias?
What are the indications for a c-section in the dog?
What are the general intervention guidelines to a c-section in the dog?
Describe the third stage of parturition in the dog.
What are the risks and guidelines to repeat c-sections in the canine?
Describe the normal involution in the bitch.
Describe the management of the bitch after parturition.
How do we care/support newborn puppies?
How do we manage/monitor neonate puppies as they grow?
What is metritis?
What are the causes of metritis in the dog?
What are the clinical signs of metritis in the dog?
When do we tend to see pyometras in the dog?
In the normal bitch, what is the role of estrogen?
In the normal bitch, what is the role of progesterone?
Describe the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the dog.
Primary cystic endometrial hyperplasia with a secondary pyometra is common in the dog. If a pyometra is present, the most common organism is _____.
Describe the most common signalment for a patient with cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex.
Differentiate between an open and closed pyometra in the canine.
How do we diagnose pyometra in the dog?
What is the treatment of choice for CEH-pyometra complex in this dog?
Describe the medical therapy for CEH-pyometra complex in the dog.
What are some considerations we must recognize/think about prior to perusing medical therapy for canine pyometras?
Identify the pathology.
How do we avoid/manage pyometras in the breeding bitch?
Describe the incidence, clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine prolapses in the dog.
Describe the occurrence of vaginal prolapses in the dog.
Name and describe the different types of vaginal prolapses.
Identify the type of canine vaginal prolapse.
Identify the type of canine vaginal prolapse.
What is the treatment for canine vaginal prolapses?
What are our differentials for tissue protruding for the vulva in the canine?
What are some of the different perineal masses we may find in the bitch?
What are the clinical signs of mastitis in the dog?
How do we treat mastitis in the dog?
Describe the recurrence of mastitis in the dog.
Identify the pathology.
Identify the pathology.
What is galactorrhea? Describe the pathophysiology.
What are the clinical signs of canine pseudopregnancy?
How do we treat canine pseudopregnancy?
What are the different kinds of mammary neoplasias we see in the dog?
Describe the incidence and prevalence of mammary neoplasia in the dog.
Describe the most common signalment of a dog with mammary neoplasia.
Describe the most common clinical findings in a dog with mammary neoplasia.
What are the different lymph nodes that drain the mammary glans in the dog?
How do we diagnose and stage mammary neoplasia in the dog?
What is the treatment for mammary neoplasia in the dog?
What is the prognosis for mammary neoplasia in the dog?
What is canine eclampsia?
Describe the progressive clinical signs of canine eclampsia?
What is the treatment for hypocalcemia in the dog?
What is canine SIPS?
How do we diagnose canine SIPS?
What is the treatment for canine SIPS?
Canine SIPS is NOT related to ____ or ____.
What are some of the different ways we suppress estrus in the bitch?
Describe the use of progestogens to suppress estrus in the bitch.
Using progestogens to suppress estrus will predispose the patient to _____.
Describe the MOA, contraindication and guidelines to using mibolerone to suppress estrus in small animal patients.
What do we primarily use mibolerone for in the small animal patients?
Describe the use of testosterone enathate to suppress estrus in our small animal patients.
Describe the use of deslorelin to suppress estrus in our small animal patients.
What are the different kinds of progesterone we use to supplement pregnancy in our small animal patients?
What is the time frame for progesterone administration in our small animal patients to supplement their pregnancy?
Only ___% of dogs become pregnancy from one mating.
When it comes to pregnancy termination, prior to day 40 is considered ____, after day 40 is ____, and after day 55 ____.
What are our different options for pregnancy termination in our small animal patients?
What are our different options for pregnancy termination in our small animal patients?
Describe the use of “mismating shorts” to terminate pregnancy in the bitch. What is the MOA?
What are the different drugs we use for pregnancy termination in the bitch?
What are the side effects of estrogen toxicity?
Describe the use of prostaglandins F2a to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
Describe the use of prolactin inhibitors to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
Describe how we use prostaglandin f2a and prolactin inhibitors together to terminate a pregnancy.
Describe the use of glucocorticoids to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
Describe the use of antiprogestins to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
How do we induce estrus in the bitch?
What is canine pseudopregnanacy?
What are the treatment options for canine pseudopregnanacy?
What drugs do we use to cease unwanted uterine contractions in the dog?
What do we use domperidone for?
List some abnormalities and infectious diseases we see in the pregnant/post-partem bitches?
What is ovarian remnant syndrome?
How do we diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome?
How do we treat ovarian remnant syndrome?
Identify the abnormality.
What is the treatment for a recessed vulva in the bitch?
What is estrogen responsive urinary incontinence? How do we treat it?
Identify the abnormality.
What are some problems associated with a hooded vulva in the canine?
What is puppy vaginitis? How do we treat it?
What is adult onset vaginitis? What other diseases must be ruled out first?
Identify the abnormality.
What is the treatment for adult vaginitis?
What is the treatment for adult vaginitis?
What is the treatment for a hooded vulva?
How is Brucella canis transmitted? What are the clinical signs?
How do we prevent and treat canine brucellosis?
Epididymitis is more common than ____ with Brucella canis.
How do we definitively diagnose canine brucellosis?
Describe the use of culture to diagnose canine brucellosis.
Describe the use of RSAT to diagnose canine brucellosis. How do we interpret the results?
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests positive for canine brucellosis on a routine screen?
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests positive for canine brucellosis with clinical signs?
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests negative for canine brucellosis on a routine screen?
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests negative for canine brucellosis but has clinical signs?
How do we prevent canine brucellosis?
Describe mycoplasma infections in dogs. What are the clinical signs? How do we diagnose and treat it?
Why is canine herpesvirus such a significant reproductive disease?
Describe the critical timeframe associated with canine herpesvirus.
What are the clinical signs of canine herpesvirus?
How can we prevent exposure/spread of canine herpesvirus if it is already present in the kennel?
What is the appropriate time frame for testicular descent in the canine?
How do we diagnose cryptorchidism in the dog?
Describe testicular torsions in the canine.
What are the most common types of testicular tumors we find in the dog?
Describe the prevalence of tumors in the scrotal testis.
Describe the prevalence of tumors in retained testis.
What are some of the clinical signs of hyperrestrogenism?
Identify the abnormality.
List the different causes of azoospermia in the dog.
_____ progressively motile spermatozoa are required to insure good conception rates.
What are transmissible veneral tumors and how are they spread?
What is your diagnosis?
How do we differentiate TVTs from lymphomas or histiocytomas?
Describe a urethral prolapse as a disorder of the canine penis. What is the treatment?
Describe priapism as a disorder of the canine penis.
Describe the clinical presentation/signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the canine.
Describe the prevalence of BPH in the canine.
How do we diagnose canine BPH?
Describe acute bacterial prostatitis as a differentiate for canine BPH.
Describe chronic bacterial prostatitis as a differentiate for canine BPH.
Describe prostatic adenocarcinomas as a differentiate for canine BPH.
Describe prostatic and paraprostatic cysts as a differentiate for canine BPH.
____ can be seen with a number of canine prostatic diseases.
How do we diagnose canine prostate disease?
How do we treat canine prostate disease?
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
Identify the pathology.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with BPH.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with acute prostatitis.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with chronic prostatitis.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with prostatic neoplasia.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with an abscess.
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with paraprostatic cysts.
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with BPH.
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with prostatitis.
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with neoplasia.
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with an abscess.
Identify the pathology of this prostatic ultrasound.
Describe the medical treatment for BPH.
Describe normal sexual behavior post-castration.
What is the normal age for a cat to reach puberty? What does it depend on?
Describe the general characteristics of the feline reproductive cycle.
List and describe the different stages of the feline estrous cycle.
Describe the behavioral characteristics, vaginal cytology, and hormonal levels during proestrus in the queen.
Describe the normal characteristics and hormonal profile of a queen in estrus.
Describe the post-estrus period in the queen.
Describe diestrus in the queen.
Draw out the normal estrous cycle of the queen.
Describe anestrus in the queen.
What are the general guidelines to feline breeding management?
What should be included in the pre-breeding exam of the feline?
How long is feline gestation? What hormones and behavior predominates during gestation?
How do we diagnose pregnancy in the cat?
Identify the age of the pregnancy in this cat.
Identify the age of the pregnancy in this cat.
Describe the normal management/care of the pregnant queen.
List some infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen.
List some non-infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen.
Describe feline herpes virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
Describe feline immunodeficiency virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
Describe feline leukemia virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
____ is the causative agent of fading puppies with ____ is the causative agent of fading kittens.
Describe feline infectious peritonitis as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
Describe feline panleukopenia virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
List some minor causes of pregnancy loss in the feline (bacterial and non-infectious).
Describe what happens during parturition in the queen.
The queen may come into estrus ____ post-partum.
Describe a retained placenta as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
Describe a uterine prolapse as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
Describe a metritis as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
Describe mastitis as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
List some ovarian causes of infertility in the queen.
List some uterine causes of infertility in the queen.
List some vaginal/vulvar causes of infertility in the queen.
List some mammary gland causes of infertility in the queen.
Describe ovarian cysts in the queen. How do we diagnose and treat them?
Describe ovarian remnant syndrome in the queen. How do we diagnose and treat them?
Describe ovarian neoplasia in the queen.
Describe feline CEH/pyometra complex. What are the clinical signs and treatment?
Describe feline mammary hypertrophy.
Describe the prevalence of mammary neoplasia in the cat.
What are the clinical signs, treatment and prognosis for a cat with mammary neoplasia?
Describe how the tom cat develops spines on his penis.
How do we collect ejavulate in the Tom? What are the minimum requirements?
Describe testicular hypoplasia as a cause of infertility in the tom.
Describe cryptorchidsm as a cause of infertility in the tom.
List some rare causes of infertility in the tom.
Describe failure to show sexual interest as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
Describe failure to breed successfully as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
Describe failure to impregnate the queen as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
