Food Animal Medicine Exam V (22-32) Flashcards
T/F: Honeybees are native to the Americas.
__% of crops are pollinated by honeybees.
33%
What do honeybees do?
What is the scientific name of honeybees?
What are the most clinically important honeybees found in the US?
There are ___ different species of honeybees in the U.S.
Describe the lifecycle of the queen bee (fertilized female).
What are drones? Describe their importance and general lifecycle.
Describe the general life cycle of a honeybee.
The duties of the hive are split up between the worker bees. What are the different jobs that worker bees have?
A worker bee generally lives for ____ in the summer and ___ in the winter.
Describe the queen attendant job that some worker bees will assume.
What is happening in this image? Describe its significance.
What is happening in this image? Describe its significance.
What is the ideal hive temperature?
Describe the importance and role of guard bees.
Describe foraging as a potential honeybee job.
Differentiate between pollen and nectar.
A single bee will produce ___ of a teaspoon in its life.
What is a langstroth hive?
What is the average number for bees in a beehive?
What is the significance of a deep box in a langstroth hive?
What is the significance of a medium box in a langstroth hive?
What is the significance of a queen excluder in a langstroth hive?
What is the significance of a hive frame in a langstroth hive?
What is the first step to inspecting a bee hive?
After you smoke out the beehive, what should be your next step?
What does honey comb look like?
What does brood comb look like? What is its significance?
What is this?
What is this?
What is this?
What does drone comb look like?
Identify the different parts of the honey frame.
What are queen cells? What is their clinical significance?
Bees are the most calm in their ____ state.
What is swarming? What causes it and when is it most likely to occur?
Differentiate between absconding and superscedure.
Once you have completed your inspection of the hive, what should you do next?
How long does honey last?
What are the general guidelines to harvesting honey?
What should you do if you want to start a honeybee hive?
How to rain pose a threat to honeybees?
How does cold weather in the spring pose a threat to honeybees?
How does drought pose a threat to honeybees?
How do long cold winters pose a threat to honeybees?
____ are the number one cause of honeybee pollinator deaths. It can often be found in ____ or ____.
Describe how pesticides cause acute death in the honeybee.
Describe how pesticides cause sublethal effects in the honeybee.
Describe how pesticides cause chronic effects in the honeybee.
How can we prevent pesticide poisoning in honeybees?
Describe how miticides pose a threat to honeybees.
Describe how fungicides pose a threat to honeybees.
Describe how herbicides pose a threat to honeybees.
Describe the pathogenesis of American foulbrood in honeybee hives.
What are some clinical signs we may notice in a honeybee hive infected with American foulbrood?
In addition to the clinical signs, how can we confirm a hive in infected with American foulbrood?
How can we treat/prevent American foulbrood in honeybee hives?
Describe the importance of registering your beehive.
Describe the pathogenesis of European foulbrood.
How can we differentiate between American and European foulbrood?
How do we treat honeybee hives with mild European foulbrood infections?
How do we treat honeybee hives with moderate European foulbrood infections?
How do we treat honeybee hives with heavy European foulbrood infections?
Describe the pathogenesis of sacbrood in a honeybee hive.
How do we treat/prevent sacbrood in a honeybee hive?
Describe the pathogenesis of chalkbrood in a honeybee hive.
How do we prevent and treat chalkbrood in a honeybee hive?
Describe the pathogenesis of nosema in a honeybee hive.
How do we diagnose and treat nosema in a honeybee hive?
Describe the pathogenesis or varroa mites in honeybee hives.
When would you most likely expect to find varroa mites in a honeybee hive? How do we prevent/control for them?
What is colony collapse disorder?
Describe the pathogenesis of small hive beetles in a honeybee hive.
Where in the hive would you expect to find small hive beetles? How to we treat them?
How do wax moths affect a honeybee hive? How do we control for them?
What are the different anesthetic and management considerations we should keep in mind with it comes to food animal surgery?
What are the different risks/considerations when it comes to recumbent procedures in food animals?
Briefly differentiate between IV and IM chemical restraint in our food animal patients.
What are the different a2 reversal agents? Which one is most commonly used in our small animal patients?
What are the different ketamine stun combination options in our food animal patients?
What are the different approaches to an abdominal surgery in a food animal?
What are the different nerves that innervate the abdominal area and are of clinical importance when it comes to regional anesthesia of the abdomen?
Describe a line block as a regional anesthetic option for abdominal surgery in a food animal.
Describe an inverted L or backwards 7 as a regional anesthetic option for abdominal surgery in a food animal.
What is the toxic dose of lidocaine in our food animal patients?
Describe a proximal paravertebral block as a regional anesthetic option for abdominal surgery in a food animal.
Describe a distal paravertebral block as a regional anesthetic option for abdominal surgery in a food animal.
Describe the time of onset and duration of lidocaine 2% as a local anesthetic that we use in our food animal patients.
Describe the time of onset and duration of mepivicaine 2% as a local anesthetic that we use in our food animal patients.
____ can be used with our local anesthetic agents to increase their potently and duration. However, they should NOT ____.
What are some potential procedures that you may perform in the bovine that are best performed with a right paralumbar/flank laparotomy approach?
What are some potential procedures that you may perform in the bovine that are best performed with a left paralumbar/flank laparotomy approach?
Name and describe the different muscle layers you will encounter in your food animal patient during a flank laparotomy.
Identify the different muscle layers.
Describe the first layer of a flank incision closure in a food animal patient.
Describe the second layer of a flank incision closure in a food animal patient.
Describe the third layer of a flank incision closure in a food animal patient.
What are your post-op considerations following a flank laparotomy in a food animal patient?
List and briefly describe the different types of reproductive prolapses you may encounter in the bovine.
What structures are blocked with a caudal epidural in the bovine?
Describe the general steps to replacing a vaginal/cervical prolapse in the bovine.
- Epidural first
- Overcome edema (hypertonic solutions, compression, sugar, etc.)
- Buhner stitch/horizontal mattress cross stitch
Describe how we correct a bovine vaginal/cervical prolapse with a prolapse pin or button.
Describe the placement and aftercare following a prolapse pin/button in the bovine.
What complications are associated with a prolapse pin/button?
What are the indications and approaches for a c-section in the bovine?
Describe the general procedure of a c-section in the bovine.
Describe the closure for a bovine c-section.
What are the indications for an episiotomy in the bovine? How do we perform it?
Describe the closure of the mucosa for an episiotomy in the cow.
Describe the closure of the skin for an episiotomy in the cow.
What are some indications for a left sided abdominal explore in the bovine?
What are some indications for a right sided abdominal explore in the bovine?
Describe the general use of antibiotics for an abdominal explore in the bovine.
Describe the general use of anti-inflammatories for an abdominal explore in the bovine.
What are some indications for rumen surgery in the cow?
What are the indications for a rumenotomy?
What are the indications for a rumenostomy?
Describe the most common approach to rumen surgery. What structures should you elevate during surgery?
Briefly describe the procedure of a rumenotomy.
_____ is an acceptable surgical procedure for traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
Briefly describe how we drain reticular abscesses in the bovine.
How do we classify vagal indigestion in the cow?
How do we surgically correct vagal indigestion in the cow?
How do we surgically correct grain overload in the cow?
Describe the closure of a rumenotomy.
In general, describe how we perform a rumenostomy.
Describe the different suture techniques we use in a rumenostomy.
Describe the aftercare of a rumenostomy.
What complications are associated with a rumenostomy?
Describe rolling as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
Describe roll and toggle as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
What are some potential complications with a roll and toggle procedure in the bovine?
Describe an omentopexy as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
Describe an pyloropexy as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
What are some potential complications associated with a pyloropexy in the bovine?
Describe an abomasopexy (left paralumbar laparotomy) as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
Describe an abomasopexy (midline/paramedian approach) as a treatment option for a left displaced abomasum.
A ____ displaced abomasum is a true emergency, while a ____ displaced abomasum oftentimes can wait until the morning for surgical correction.
What are the different classifications for a right displaced abomasum?
List some of the different treatment options for a RDA.
What are some concurrent problems we see in a bovine with a RDA?
How do we diagnose cecal dilatation and dislocation in the bovine?
What are the different surgical treatment options for cecal dilatation and dislocation?
What are the indications for a digit amputation in the bovine?
What are some important consideration you should recognize prior to a digit amputation in the bovine?
Describe the important anatomy relative to a digit amputation in the bovine.
What are some important pre-operative considerations prior to a digit amputation in the cow?
What are the weight bearing claws in the front and hind limb of the bovine?
Describe how to perform a bier block in the bovine.
We cannot perform a bier block for a limb amputation on a grossly edematous limb. What other regional anesthesia options do we have?
Name and describe the location for a digit amputation in the bovine.
Briefly describe the surgical procedure of a digit amputation in the bovine.
Describe the post-operative care of a digit amputation in the bovine.
What are the general guidelines to cast application in the bovine?
Describe the maintenance and removal of a bovine cast post-application.
Describe the use of a Thomas-Schroeder splint in bovine species.
What are the indications for a tracheotomy in the cow? Where will you make your incision?
What are the indications for a tracheotomy in the now? What musculature will you encounter?
Describe tracheostomy tube care in the bovine.
Describe an uncomplicated umbilical hernia in the bovine. What is the treatment?
Describe the surgical options for an uncomplicated umbilical hernia in the cow.
Describe a complicated hernia in the bovine.
Describe an external umbilical infection in the bovine. What are the clinical signs?
How do we diagnose and treat external umbilical infections in the bovine?
How do we diagnose and treat external umbilical infections in the bovine?
Describe an internal umbilical infection in the bovine. How do we diagnose it?
Describe the surgical options for complicated hernias and infections in the bovine.
Describe a mammary vein laceration in the bovine. How do we treat it?
